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#+title: Oreo's Virtual Machine (OVM)
#+author: Aryadev Chavali
#+date: 2023-10-15
A stack based virtual machine in C11, with a dynamic register setup
which acts as variable space. Deals primarily in bytes, doesn't make
assertions about typing and is very simple to target.
* How to build
Requires =GNU make= and a compliant C11 compiler. Code base has been
tested against =gcc= and =clang=, but given how the project has been
written without use of GNU'isms (that I'm aware of) it shouldn't be an
issue to compile using something like =tcc= or another compiler (look
at [[file:Makefile::CC=gcc][here]] to change the compiler).
To build everything simply run ~make~. This will build:
+ [[file:lib/inst.c][instruction bytecode system]] which provides
object files to target the VM
+ [[file:vm/main.c][VM executable]] which executes bytecode
+ [[file:asm/main.c][Assembler executable]] which assembles compliant
assembly code to VM bytecode
+ [[file:examples/][Assembly examples]] which provide some source code
examples on common programs one may write. Use this to figure out
how to write compliant assembly. Also a good test of both the VM
and assembler.
You may also build each component individually through the
corresponding recipe:
+ ~make lib~
+ ~make vm~
+ ~make asm~
+ ~make examples~
* Instructions to target the virtual machine
You need to link with the object files for
[[file:lib/base.c][base.c]], [[file:lib/darr.c][darr.c]] and
[[file:lib/inst.c][inst.c]] to be able to properly target the OVM.
The basic idea is to create some instructions via ~inst_t~,
instantiating a ~prog_t~ structure which wraps those instructions
(includes a header and other useful things for the runtime), then
using ~prog_write_file~ to serialise and write bytecode to a file
pointer.
To execute directly compiled bytecode use the ~ovm.out~ executable on
the bytecode file.
For clarity, one may build ~lib~ (~make lib~) then use the resulting
object files to link and create bytecode for the virtual machine.
** In memory virtual machine
Instead of serialising and writing bytecode to a file, one may instead
serialise bytecode in memory using ~prog_write_bytecode~ which writes
bytecode to a dynamic byte buffer, so called *in memory compilation*.
To execute this bytecode, deserialise the bytecode into a program then
load it into a complete ~vm_t~ structure (linking with
[[file:vm/runtime.c][runtime.c]]).
In fact, you may skip the process of serialising entirely. You can
emit a ~prog_t~ structure corresponding to source code, load it
directly into the ~vm_t~ structure, then execute. To do so is a bit
involved, so I recommend looking at [[file:vm/main.c]]. In rough
steps:
+ Create a virtual machine "from scratch" (load the necessary
components (the stack, heap and call stack) by hand)
+ Load program into VM (~vm_load_program~)
+ Run ~vm_execute_all~
This is recommended if writing an interpreted language such as a Lisp,
where on demand execution of code is more suitable.
* Lines of code
#+begin_src sh :results table :exports results
wc -lwc $(find -regex ".*\.[ch]\(pp\)?")
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
| Files | Lines | Words | Bytes |
|------------------------+-------+-------+--------|
| ./lib/heap.h | 42 | 111 | 801 |
| ./lib/inst.c | 516 | 1315 | 13982 |
| ./lib/darr.c | 77 | 225 | 1757 |
| ./lib/base.c | 107 | 306 | 2002 |
| ./lib/inst.h | 108 | 426 | 4067 |
| ./lib/prog.h | 176 | 247 | 2616 |
| ./lib/base.h | 148 | 626 | 3915 |
| ./lib/darr.h | 88 | 465 | 2697 |
| ./lib/heap.c | 101 | 270 | 1910 |
| ./vm/runtime.h | 301 | 780 | 7965 |
| ./vm/runtime.c | 1070 | 3097 | 30010 |
| ./vm/main.c | 92 | 265 | 2243 |
| ./asm/base.hpp | 21 | 68 | 472 |
| ./asm/lexer.cpp | 565 | 1448 | 14067 |
| ./asm/base.cpp | 33 | 89 | 705 |
| ./asm/parser.hpp | 82 | 199 | 1656 |
| ./asm/parser.cpp | 42 | 129 | 1294 |
| ./asm/lexer.hpp | 106 | 204 | 1757 |
| ./asm/preprocesser.cpp | 218 | 574 | 5800 |
| ./asm/preprocesser.hpp | 62 | 147 | 1360 |
| ./asm/main.cpp | 148 | 414 | 3791 |
|------------------------+-------+-------+--------|
| total | 4103 | 11405 | 104867 |
|
