path: root/Emacs/.config/emacs/config.org

#+TITLE: Emacs configuration
#+AUTHOR: Oreodave
#+DESCRIPTION: My new Emacs configuration

* Initial
** Setup straight
Bootstrap of straight (from github)
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar bootstrap-version)
(let ((bootstrap-file
       (expand-file-name "straight/repos/straight.el/bootstrap.el" user-emacs-directory))
      (bootstrap-version 5))
  (unless (file-exists-p bootstrap-file)
    (with-current-buffer
        (url-retrieve-synchronously
         "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raxod502/straight.el/develop/install.el"
         'silent 'inhibit-cookies)
      (goto-char (point-max))
      (eval-print-last-sexp)))
  (load bootstrap-file nil 'nomessage))
#+END_SRC
** Setup use package
Straight clone use-package and state that all use-package statements implicity use straight.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(straight-use-package 'use-package)
(setq straight-use-package-by-default t)
#+END_SRC
** Setup alpha and yes-or-no-p
This just sets the alpha to 85% and all yes or no questions to single letter responses.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(alpha . 85))
(fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
#+END_SRC
** Hs Minor mode
Turn on hs minor mode for all prog-mode.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'prog-mode-hook #'hs-minor-mode)
#+END_SRC
** Set backup directory
Set the backup directory to =user-emacs-directory=/saves so I don't get those annoying '~' files.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq backup-directory-alist `(("." . "~/.config/emacs/saves")))
#+END_SRC
** Turn off the bars
Turn off all the bars, don't need them anymore!
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(tool-bar-mode -1)
(scroll-bar-mode -1)
(menu-bar-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
** Themes
Load my custom "Grayscale" theme (look at [[file:Grayscale-theme.el][this file]]).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(load-theme 'Grayscale t)
#+END_SRC
** Turn off startup buffer
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq inhibit-startup-screen t)
#+END_SRC
* Emacs Mode-line
Firstly, declare a variable for the number of spaces between each module in the modeline.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defconst +modeline/sep-spaces 4 "Number of spaces separating modules.")
#+END_SRC

Then, declare a list of reserved characters for which the previously declared seperator won't be applied when placed at the end of a module string.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defconst +modeline/reserved-chars (list "[" "(") 
        "Characters that, when at the end of a module string, won't have the separator applied to them.")
#+END_SRC

Now declare a function that applies the separator with respect to the reserved characters to any one string.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun +modeline/handle-string (STR)
  (condition-case nil
      (progn
        (string-blank-p STR)
        (cond ((cl-member (car (last (split-string STR "" t))) +modeline/reserved-chars :test #'string=) STR)
              (t (concat STR (cl-reduce #'concat (cl-loop for i from 1 to +modeline/sep-spaces collect " "))))))
    (error STR)))
#+END_SRC

Finally, set the mode-line-format.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default 
 mode-line-format
 (mapcar #'+modeline/handle-string
       (list "%l:%c"
             "%p["
             '(:eval (upcase
                      (substring
                       (format "%s" (if (bound-and-true-p evil-state) evil-state ""))
                       0 1)))
             "]"
             "%+%b("
             '(:eval (format "%s" major-mode))
             ")"
             "%I"
             vc-mode
             mode-line-end-spaces)))
#+END_SRC
* Custom Functions
These are custom functions I have defined
** New line function
Vim bindings don't have a nice way of adding new lines before or after the current line while staying in normal mode.
You can use =o/O= to enter insert mode at a new line, but this isn't the same as being able to stay in normal mode, and only adds extra keypresses if your only purpose was to open up some lines.
As this is Emacs I can extend it as I wish, so I decided to define a new line function that won't remove me from normal state.
  
The logic is pretty simple:
- Use the predefined vim functions for opening new lines above and below with insert mode
  - Given the argument =BACKWARD= to assess whether to open lines above or below
- Return to previous location
- Enter normal state

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (with-eval-after-load "evil"
    (defun dx:newline (&optional BACKWARD)
      (interactive)
      (let ((old (point)))
        (cond ((and BACKWARD (= BACKWARD 1)) (evil-open-below 1))
              (t (evil-open-above 1)))
        (goto-char (+ old 1))
        (evil-normal-state))))
  #+END_SRC
** Generate tags
For some reason, I can't seem to rely on the =projectile-regenerate-tags= function, so define my own.
   
Steps are as follows:
- Consider the =root= to be either =default-directory= or the =projectile-project-root= depending on if it's loaded and set.
- Start a process (shell command) by changing to =root= and executing =ctags -Re=
  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (defun dx:generate-tags ()
    (interactive)
    (let ((root (if (bound-and-true-p projectile-project-root)
                    projectile-project-root
                  default-directory)))
      (start-process-shell-command "" nil (format "cd %s; ctags -Re ." root))))
  #+END_SRC
* General
Setup general, a good package for defining keys.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package general
  :config
  (general-def 'normal global-map "SPC" nil)
  (general-def 'normal global-map
    "M-V" #'dx:newline
    "M-v" #'(lambda () (interactive) (dx:newline 1)))
    
  (general-create-definer leader
    :states 'normal
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC")
    
  (leader
    "!"   #'async-shell-command
    "SPC" #'execute-extended-command
    "u"   #'universal-argument
    "si"  #'imenu
    "h"   #'help-command)
    
  (leader
    :infix "b"
    "d" #'kill-this-buffer
    "i" #'ibuffer
    "b" #'switch-to-buffer)

  (leader
    :infix "c"
    "f" #'(lambda () (interactive) (find-file "~/Code/")))

  (leader
    :infix "f"
    "f" #'find-file
    "s" #'save-buffer
    "p" #'(lambda () (interactive) (find-file (concat user-emacs-directory "config.org")))))
#+END_SRC
* Evil
** Evil default
Setup the evil package, with some basic keybinds.
Also declare a leader-map at "SPC".
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package evil
  :init
  (setq evil-want-keybinding nil)
  :config
  (evil-mode +1)
  (evil-define-key 'normal global-map
    "TAB" #'evil-jump-item)
  (evil-define-key 'visual 'emacs-lisp-mode-map "gr" #'eval-region)
  (leader
    :infix "w"
    "h" #'evil-window-left
    "j" #'evil-window-down
    "k" #'evil-window-up
    "l" #'evil-window-right))
#+END_SRC
** Evil surround
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-surround
  :after evil
  :config
  (global-evil-surround-mode))
#+END_SRC
** Evil commentary
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-commentary
  :after evil
  :config
  (evil-commentary-mode))
#+END_SRC
** Evil mc
Setup for multicursors in Evil mode.
Don't let evil-mc setup it's own keymap because it uses 'gr' as its prefix, which I don't like.
Instead, bind some useful functions to my personal =dx:evil-mc-map= which is bound to 'gz'.
Furthermore, define a function =dx:evil-mc-cursor-here= which pauses cursors upon placing a cursor at the current position.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-mc
  :after evil
  :bind (("M-p" . evil-mc-skip-and-goto-prev-cursor)
         :map dx:evil-mc-map				 
         ("q"   . evil-mc-undo-all-cursors)
         ("d"   . evil-mc-make-and-goto-next-match)
         ("j"   . evil-mc-make-cursor-move-next-line)
         ("k"   . evil-mc-make-cursor-move-prev-line)
         ("j"   . evil-mc-make-cursor-move-next-line)
         ("m"   . evil-mc-make-all-cursors)
         ("z"   . dx:evil-mc-cursor-here)
         ("r"   . evil-mc-resume-cursors)
         ("s"   . evil-mc-pause-cursors))
  :init
  (defvar evil-mc-key-map (make-sparse-keymap))
  (define-prefix-command 'dx:evil-mc-map)
  (bind-key "gz" dx:evil-mc-map evil-normal-state-map)
  :config
  (global-evil-mc-mode +1)
  (defun dx:evil-mc-cursor-here ()
    (interactive)
    (evil-mc-make-cursor-here)
    (evil-mc-pause-cursors)))
#+END_SRC
** Evil collection
Setup evil collection, but don't turn on the mode.
Instead, I'll turn on setups for specific modes I think benefit from it.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-collection
  :after evil)
#+END_SRC
* Ivy
Ivy is a completion framework for Emacs, and my preferred (sometimes second favourite) one.
It has a great set of features with little to no pain with setting up.
** Ivy
Setup for ivy, in preparation for counsel.
Turn on ivy-mode just after init.
Setup vim-like bindings for the minibuffer ("C-(j|k)" for down|up the selection list)
Also setup evil-collection for ivy.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package ivy
  :hook (after-init . ivy-mode)
  :after evil-collection
  :bind (:map ivy-minibuffer-map 
         ("M-j" . ivy-next-line-or-history)
         ("M-k" . ivy-previous-line-or-history)
         :map ivy-switch-buffer-map
         ("M-j" . ivy-next-line-or-history)
         ("M-k" . ivy-previous-line-or-history))
  :general
  (:keymaps 'ivy-minibuffer-map
   "C-c C-e" #'ivy-occur)
  :config
  (require 'counsel nil t)
  (setq ivy-height 10
        ivy-wrap t
        ivy-fixed-height-minibuffer t
        ivy-use-virtual-buffers nil
        ivy-virtual-abbreviate 'full
        ivy-on-del-error-function #'ignore
        ivy-use-selectable-prompt t
        ivy-initial-inputs-alist nil)
  (evil-collection-ivy-setup))
#+END_SRC
** Counsel
Setup for counsel.
Load after ivy and helpful.
   
Bind:
- Swiper to "C-s"
- Switch buffer to "C-x b"
- Counsel ripgrep to "M-s r" (search namespace)
  
Along with that, set the help function and variable functions to their helpful counterparts.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel
  :defer t
  :general
  (leader
    :infix "s"
    "s" #'counsel-grep-or-swiper)
  :init
  (general-def
    [remap describe-function]        #'counsel-describe-function
    [remap describe-variable]        #'counsel-describe-variable
    [remap describe-bindings]        #'counsel-descbinds
    [remap describe-face]            #'counsel-faces
    [remap execute-extended-command] #'counsel-M-x
    [remap find-file]                #'counsel-find-file
    [remap imenu]                    #'counsel-imenu
    [remap load-theme]               #'counsel-load-theme)
  :config
  (setq ivy-initial-inputs-alist nil)
  (setq counsel-describe-function-function #'helpful-callable
        counsel-describe-variable-function #'helpful-variable))
#+END_SRC
** Counsel etags
Counsel etags allows me to search generated tag files for tags.
I already have a function defined [[*Generate tags][here]] to generate the tags, so it's just searching them which I find to be a bit of a hassle, and where this package comes in.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel-etags
 :after counsel
 :bind ("M-s t" . counsel-etags-find-tag))
#+END_SRC
* Avy
Setup avy with leader.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package avy
  :after evil
  :general
  (leader
    :infix "s"
    "l" #'avy-goto-line
    "g" #'avy-goto-char-2))
#+END_SRC
* Projectile
Setup projectile, along with the tags command.
Also bind "C-c C-p" to the projectile command map for quick access.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package projectile
  :after evil
  :hook (prog-mode . projectile-mode)
  :init
  (setq projectile-tags-command "ctags -Re -f \"%s\" %s \"%s\"")
  :config
  (projectile-global-mode))
#+END_SRC
** Counsel projectile
Counsel projectile provides the ivy interface to projectile commands, which is really useful.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel-projectile
  :after (projectile counsel)
  :config
  (counsel-projectile-mode +1))
#+END_SRC
* Mail
** Notmuch
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq +mail/signature "---------------\nAryadev Chavali")
(use-package notmuch
  :commands notmuch
  :custom
  ((notmuch-show-logo nil)
   (message-signature +mail/signature)
   (mail-signature +mail/signature))
  :init
  (defun +mail/sync-mail ()
    "Sync mail via mbsync."
    (interactive)
    (start-process-shell-command "" nil "mbsync -a"))
  :config
  (evil-collection-notmuch-setup))
#+END_SRC
** Smtpmail
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package smtpmail
  :commands mail-send
  :after notmuch
  :custom
  ((smtpmail-smtp-server "mail.aryadevchavali.com")
   (smtpmail-smtp-user "aryadev")
   (smtpmail-smtp-service 587)
   (smtpmail-stream-type 'starttls))
  :init
  (setq send-mail-function #'smtpmail-send-it
        message-send-mail-function #'smtpmail-send-it))
#+END_SRC

* Dired
Setup for dired.
Firstly, as it's an inbuilt package don't let straight try and download it.
Make dired-hide-details-mode the default mode when dired-mode, as it removes the clutter.
Create a keymap =dx:dired-map= which is bound to the prefix "C-c d", binding useful dired functions.
Setup evil collection for dired (even though dired doesn't really conflict with evil, there are some black corners I'd like to adjust)
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package dired
  :straight nil
  :hook (dired-mode . dired-hide-details-mode)
  :after evil-collection
  :general
  (leader
    :infix "d"
    "f" #'find-dired
    "D" #'dired-other-window
    "d" #'dired-jump)
  :config
  (evil-collection-dired-setup))
#+END_SRC
* Hydra
Use hydras for stuff that I use often, currently buffer manipulation
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp 
(use-package hydra
  :after evil
  :init
  (defun dx:kill-defun ()
    "Mark defun then kill it."
    (interactive)
    (mark-defun)
    (delete-active-region t))

  (defun dx:paste-section ()
    "Paste the current kill-region content above section."
    (interactive)
    (open-line 1)
    (yank))

  :config
  (defhydra hydra-buffer (evil-normal-state-map "SPC b")
    "buffer-hydra"
    ("j" next-buffer)
    ("k" previous-buffer)
    ("c" kill-this-buffer))

  (defhydra hydra-code-manipulator (global-map "C-x c")
    "code-manip"
    ("j" evil-forward-section-begin)
    ("k" evil-backward-section-begin)
    ("m" mark-defun)
    ("d" dx:kill-defun)
    ("p" dx:paste-section)
    ("TAB" evil-toggle-fold)))
#+END_SRC
* IBuffer
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package ibuffer
  :after evil-collection
  :config
  (evil-collection-ibuffer-setup))
#+END_SRC
* Helpful
Basic setup, will be fully integrated in counsel.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package helpful
  :commands (helpful-callable helpful-variable)
  :init
  (evil-define-key 'normal helpful-mode-map "q" #'quit-window))
#+END_SRC
* Which-key
Pretty simple, just activate after init.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package which-key
  :hook (after-init . which-key-mode))
#+END_SRC
* Yasnippet
Yasnippet is a great package for snippets, which I use heavily in programming and org-mode.
I setup here the global mode for yasnippet and a collection of snippets for ease of use.
** Yasnippet default
Setup global mode after evil mode has been loaded
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package yasnippet
  :after evil
  :hook ((prog-mode . yas-minor-mode)
         (text-mode . yas-minor-mode))
  :general
  (leader
    "i" #'yas-insert-snippet))
#+END_SRC
** Yasnippet snippets
Collection of snippets, activate after yasnippet has been loaded.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package yasnippet-snippets
  :after yasnippet)
#+END_SRC
* Keychord
Keychord is only really here for this one chord I wish to define: "jk" for exiting insert state.
Otherwise, I don't really need it.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package key-chord
  :after evil
  :config
  (key-chord-define evil-insert-state-map "jk" #'evil-normal-state)
  (key-chord-mode +1))
#+END_SRC
* Ripgrep
The ripgrep package provides utilities to grep projects and files for strings via the rg tool.
Though [[*Ivy][ivy]] comes with =counsel-rg= using it makes me dependent on the ivy framework, and this configuration is intentionally built to be modular and switchable.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package rg
  :after evil
  :general
  (leader "r" #'rg)
  (:keymaps 'rg-mode-map
   "]]" #'rg-next-file
   "[[" #'rg-prev-file)
  :init
  (setq rg-group-result t
        rg-hide-command t
        rg-show-columns nil
        rg-show-header t
        rg-custom-type-aliases nil
        rg-default-alias-fallback "all"))
#+END_SRC
* Magit
Magit is *the* git porcelain for Emacs, which perfectly encapsulates the git cli.
In this case, I just need to setup the bindings for it.
As magit will definitely load after evil (as it must be run by a binding, and evil will load after init), I can use evil-collection freely.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package magit
  :general
  (leader "g" #'magit-status))

(use-package evil-magit
  :after magit)
#+END_SRC
* Company
Company is the auto complete system I use.
I don't like having heavy setups for company, as it only makes it worse to use.
In this case, just setup some evil binds for company
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package company
  :hook (prog-mode . company-mode)
  :bind (("C-SPC" . company-complete)
         :map company-active-map
         ("M-j" . company-select-next)
         ("M-k" . company-select-previous)))
#+END_SRC
* Elfeed
Elfeed is the perfect RSS feed reader, integrated into Emacs perfectly.
I've got a set of feeds that I use for a large variety of stuff, mostly media and entertainment.
I've also bound "C-c r" to elfeed for loading the system.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package elfeed
  :init
  (setq +rss/feed-urls
        '(("Arch Linux"            "https://www.archlinux.org/feeds/news/" Linux)
          ("LEMMiNO"               "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCRcgy6GzDeccI7dkbbBna3Q" YouTube Stories)
          ("Dark Sominium"         "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UC_e39rWdkQqo5-LbiLiU10g" YouTube Stories)
          ("Dark Sominium Music"   "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCkLiZ_zLynyNd5fd62hg1Kw" YouTube Music)
          ("Nexpo"                 "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCpFFItkfZz1qz5PpHpqzYBw" YouTube)
          ("Techquickie"           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UC0vBXGSyV14uvJ4hECDOl0Q" YouTube)
          ("Captain Sinbad"        "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UC8XKyvQ5Ne_bvYbgv8LaIeg" YouTube)
          ("3B1B"                  "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw" YouTube)
          ("Fredrik Knusden"       "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCbWcXB0PoqOsAvAdfzWMf0w" YouTube Stories)
          ("Barely Sociable"       "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UC9PIn6-XuRKZ5HmYeu46AIw" YouTube Stories)
          ("Atrocity Guide"        "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCn8OYopT9e8tng-CGEWzfmw" YouTube Stories)
          ("Philip Defranco"       "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UClFSU9_bUb4Rc6OYfTt5SPw" YouTube News)
          ("Hacker News"           "http://morss.aryadevchavali.com/news.ycombinator.com/rss"                     Social)
          ("Hacker Factor"         "https://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/feeds/index.rss2"                Social)
          ("BBC Top News"          "http://morss.aryadevchavali.com/feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/rss.xml"                News)
          ("BBC Tech News"         "http://morss.aryadevchavali.com/feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/technology/rss.xml"     News)))
  (setq elfeed-db-directory (concat user-emacs-directory "elfeed"))
  :config
  (evil-collection-elfeed-setup)
  (evil-define-key 'normal elfeed-search-mode-map "gr" #'elfeed-update)
  (evil-define-key 'normal elfeed-search-mode-map "s" #'elfeed-search-live-filter)
  (evil-define-key 'normal elfeed-search-mode-map "<return>" #'elfeed-search-show-entry)
  (setq elfeed-feeds (cl-map 'list #'(lambda (item) (append (list (nth 1 item)) (cdr (cdr item)))) +rss/feed-urls)))
#+END_SRC
* Org mode
** Org default with evil
Setup for org mode, currently basically nothing.
Has evil-org for evil bindings.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :hook (org-mode . yas-minor-mode)
  :bind (:map org-mode-map
              ([remap imenu] . counsel-org-goto))
  :custom
  ((org-edit-src-content-indentation 0)
   (org-src-window-setup 'current-window)
   (org-indirect-buffer-display 'current-window)
   (org-eldoc-breadcrumb-separator " → ")
   (org-enforce-todo-dependencies t)
   (org-entities-user '(("flat"  "\\flat" nil "" "" "266D" "♭") ("sharp" "\\sharp" nil "" "" "266F" "♯")))
   (org-fontify-quote-and-verse-blocks t)
   (org-fontify-whole-heading-line t)
   (org-footnote-auto-label 'plain)
   (org-hide-leading-stars t)
   (org-image-actual-width nil)
   (org-priority-faces '((?A . error) (?B . warning) (?C . success)))
   (org-startup-indented t)
   (org-tags-column 0)
   (org-use-sub-superscripts '{})))

(use-package evil-org
  :hook (org-mode . evil-org-mode))
#+END_SRC
** Org superstar
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package org-superstar
  :hook (org-mode . org-superstar-mode))
#+END_SRC
** Flyspell
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package flyspell
  :hook (org-mode . flyspell-mode))

(use-package flyspell-correct-ivy
  :after flyspell
  :bind (:map org-mode-map
              ("C-c C-a" . flyspell-correct-at-point)))
#+END_SRC
* Window management
Window management is really important.
I find the default window handling of Emacs incredibly annoying: sometimes consuming my windows, sometimes creating new ones.
So, as Emacs is the ultimate editor, I want to configure and fine tune the window management of Emacs.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq display-buffer-alist
      '(("\\*e?shell\\*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (window-height . 0.25)
         (side . bottom)
         (slot . 0))
        ("\\*[Hh]elp.*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (window-height . 0.25)
         (side . bottom)
         (slot . 1))
        ("magit:.*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (side . right)
         (slot . -1)
         (window-width . 0.5))
        ("magit-diff:.*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (side . right)
         (window-width . 0.5))
        ("magit-log:.*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (side . right)
         (window-width . 0.5))
        ("\\*compilation\\*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (side . bottom)
         (slot . -1)
         (window-height . 0.25))
        ("\\*Flycheck.*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (side . bottom)
         (window-height . 0.25)
         (slot . 0))
        ("\\*rg.*"
         (display-buffer-in-side-window)
         (side . bottom)
         (window-height . 0.25)
         (slot . 1))
        ))
#+END_SRC
* Major modes and Programming
Setups for common major modes and languages
Here are some basic packages for programming first
** Smartparens
Smartparens is a smarter electric-parens, it's much more aware of stuff and easier to use.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package smartparens
  :hook (prog-mode . smartparens-mode)
  :after evil
  :config
  (setq sp-highlight-pair-overlay nil
        sp-highlight-wrap-overlay t
        sp-highlight-wrap-tag-overlay t)
  
  (let ((unless-list '(sp-point-before-word-p
                       sp-point-after-word-p
                       sp-point-before-same-p)))
    (sp-pair "'"  nil :unless unless-list)
    (sp-pair "\"" nil :unless unless-list))
  (sp-local-pair sp-lisp-modes "(" ")" :unless '(:rem sp-point-before-same-p))
  (require 'smartparens-config))
#+END_SRC
** Show-paren-mode
Show parenthesis for Emacs
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'prog-mode-hook #'show-paren-mode)
#+END_SRC
** Eldoc
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package eldoc
  :hook (prog-mode . eldoc-mode))

(use-package eldoc-box
  :hook (eldoc-mode . eldoc-box-hover-mode))
#+END_SRC

** Eglot
Eglot is a library of packages to communicate with LSP servers for better programming capabilities.
Interactions with a server provide results to the client, done through JSON.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package eglot
  :hook (c++-mode . eglot-ensure)
  :hook (c-mode . eglot-ensure)
  :bind (:map eglot-mode-map
              ("<f2>" . eglot-rename)
              ("C-c C-A" . eglot-code-actions)
              ("C-c C-f" . eglot-format))
  :config
  (add-to-list 'eglot-server-programs '((c-mode c++-mode) "clangd")))
#+END_SRC
** Flycheck
Flycheck is the checking system for Emacs.
I don't necessarily like having all my code checked all the time, so I haven't added a hook to prog-mode as it would be better for me to decide when I want checking and when I don't.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package flycheck
  :commands flycheck-mode
  :config
  (defun +flycheck/list-errors-load-flycheck ()
    "Load flycheck if not available, then list errors."
    (interactive)
    (when (not (or flycheck-mode global-flycheck-mode))
      (flycheck-mode))
    (flycheck-list-errors)))
#+END_SRC
** Activate tabs
Set tabs to nil by default, with normal tab size set to 2.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil
              tab-width 2)
#+END_SRC
   
Add a function to activate tabs mode.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun dx:activate-tabs ()
  (interactive)
  (setq indent-tabs-mode t))
#+END_SRC
** C/C++
Setup for C and C++ modes via the cc-mode package.
Firstly hook the C and C++ modes to activate tabs.
Then set the offset to 2, and the general style to user.
Finally, add a user style that mimics the Microsoft guidelines for C# (open braces everywhere).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package cc-mode
  :hook (c-mode   . dx:activate-tabs)
  :hook (c++-mode . dx:activate-tabs)
  :init
  (setq-default c-basic-offset 2)
  (setq c-default-style '((java-mode . "java")
                          (awk-mode . "awk")
                          (other . "user")))
  :config
  (c-add-style
   "user"
   '((c-basic-offset . 2)
     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
     (c-hanging-braces-alist (brace-list-open)
                             (brace-entry-open)
                             (substatement-open after)
                             (block-close . c-snug-do-while)
                             (arglist-cont-nonempty))
     (c-cleanup-list brace-else-brace)
     (c-offsets-alist
      (statement-block-intro . +)
      (knr-argdecl-intro . 0)
      (substatement-open . 0)
      (substatement-label . 0)
      (access-label . 0)
      (label . 0)
      (statement-cont . +)))))
#+END_SRC
*** Clang format
use-package clang-format for ease of use formatting, binding to "C-c '" for both C and C++ mode maps.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(use-package clang-format
  :after cc-mode
  :config
  (bind-key "C-c '" #'clang-format-region c-mode-map)
  (bind-key "C-c '" #'clang-format-region c++-mode-map))
#+END_SRC
** Emacs lisp
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(with-eval-after-load "lisp-mode"
  (defun +modded/lisp-indent-function (indent-point state)
    "This function is the normal value of the variable `lisp-indent-function'.
The function `calculate-lisp-indent' calls this to determine
if the arguments of a Lisp function call should be indented specially.
INDENT-POINT is the position at which the line being indented begins.
Point is located at the point to indent under (for default indentation);
STATE is the `parse-partial-sexp' state for that position.
If the current line is in a call to a Lisp function that has a non-nil
property `lisp-indent-function' (or the deprecated `lisp-indent-hook'),
it specifies how to indent.  The property value can be:
,* `defun', meaning indent `defun'-style
  \(this is also the case if there is no property and the function
  has a name that begins with \"def\", and three or more arguments);
,* an integer N, meaning indent the first N arguments specially
  (like ordinary function arguments), and then indent any further
  arguments like a body;
,* a function to call that returns the indentation (or nil).
  `lisp-indent-function' calls this function with the same two arguments
  that it itself received.
This function returns either the indentation to use, or nil if the
Lisp function does not specify a special indentation."
    (let ((normal-indent (current-column))
          (orig-point (point)))
      (goto-char (1+ (elt state 1)))
      (parse-partial-sexp (point) calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp 0 t)
      (cond
       ;; car of form doesn't seem to be a symbol, or is a keyword
       ((and (elt state 2)
             (or (not (looking-at "\\sw\\|\\s_"))
                 (looking-at ":")))
        (if (not (> (save-excursion (forward-line 1) (point))
                    calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp))
            (progn (goto-char calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp)
                   (beginning-of-line)
                   (parse-partial-sexp (point)
                                       calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp 0 t)))
        ;; Indent under the list or under the first sexp on the same
        ;; line as calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp.  Note that first
        ;; thing on that line has to be complete sexp since we are
        ;; inside the innermost containing sexp.
        (backward-prefix-chars)
        (current-column))
       ((and (save-excursion
               (goto-char indent-point)
               (skip-syntax-forward " ")
               (not (looking-at ":")))
             (save-excursion
               (goto-char orig-point)
               (looking-at ":")))
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char (+ 2 (elt state 1)))
          (current-column)))
       (t
        (let ((function (buffer-substring (point)
                                          (progn (forward-sexp 1) (point))))
              method)
          (setq method (or (function-get (intern-soft function)
                                         'lisp-indent-function)
                           (get (intern-soft function) 'lisp-indent-hook)))
          (cond ((or (eq method 'defun)
                     (and (null method)
                          (> (length function) 3)
                          (string-match "\\`def" function)))
                 (lisp-indent-defform state indent-point))
                ((integerp method)
                 (lisp-indent-specform method state
                                       indent-point normal-indent))
                (method
                 (funcall method indent-point state))))))))
  (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook #'(lambda () (interactive) (setq-local lisp-indent-function #'+modded/lisp-indent-function))))
#+END_SRC