#+title: Emacs configuration
#+author: Aryadev Chavali
#+description: My Emacs configuration
#+property: header-args:emacs-lisp :tangle config.el :comments link :results none
#+startup: noindent
#+options: toc:t num:t
#+latex_header:\usepackage[margin=1.0in]{geometry}
#+latex_class: article
#+latex_class_options: [a4paper,12pt]

* Introduction
Welcome to my Emacs configuration.  You may be confused by the fact
it's a readable document rather than some code; this file serves as
both documentation *and* code.  Here's an example of some Emacs Lisp
code:
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
;; Copyright (C) 2024 Aryadev Chavali
;; All rights reserved. You may not distribute or modify this code
;; without explicit legal permission from the author "Aryadev Chavali"

;; Welcome to my Emacs configuration.  This file is considered
;; volatile i.e. any edits made to this file will be overwritten if
;; and when the configuration is compiled again.

;; To propagate edits from this file to the literate document, call
;; (org-babel-detangle) while in the file.
#+end_src

This is an Emacs Lisp code block, something you will see a *LOT* of
throughout.  All the Emacs Lisp code blocks in this document are
collected, concatenated together then fed into a file (=config.el=).
This code file is then evaluated by Emacs
[[file:init.el::+literate/load-config][at boot]].

This style of coding is called /literate programming/.  Donald Knuth
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literate_programming][really liked]]
the idea.  I mainly utilise this to explain my decisions for
configuring or using certain packages: Emacs is an opinionated piece
of software after all.

Sections tagged =WAIT= are not compiled and are, hence, unused.
Usually I provide some reasoning as to why.  A lot of code here is
essentially write and forget; nothing needs to change unless I find a
more efficient way to do things.

Some sections border on blog posts justifying why I think they're good
applications or giving some greater reasoning about my specific
configuration of a package.  That can be distracting, so tangling this
file (using ~(org-babel-tangle)~) and looking at the source code may
be more helpful.
* Basics
Let's setup a few things:
+ My name and mail address
+ File encoding
+ Backup files (~backup-directory-alist~)
+ Refreshing buffers when a change occurs (~auto-revert-mode~)
+ Yes or no questions being less painful (~y-or-n-p~)

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package emacs
  :demand t
  :init
  (setq user-full-name "Aryadev Chavali"
        user-mail-address "aryadev@aryadevchavali.com"
        buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix
        save-buffer-coding-system 'utf-8-unix
        backup-directory-alist `(("." . ,(no-littering-expand-var-file-name "saves/")))
        global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers t
        auto-revert-verbose nil)
  :config
  (fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
  (global-auto-revert-mode))
#+end_src
* Custom functionality
Some Lisp I wrote that only depends on Emacs to provide some custom
functionality.
** WAIT Toggle buffer
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Like VSCode's toggling feature for just the terminal but now for
any buffer of choice, as long as I can generate it via a command.

2024-04-23: Don't need this anymore due to
~switch-to-buffer-obey-display-actions~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(with-eval-after-load "window"
  (defmacro +oreo/create-toggle-function (func-name buf-name
                                                    buf-create
                                                    &optional accept-numeric)
    "Generate a function named FUNC-NAME that toggles the buffer with
name BUF-NAME, using BUF-CREATE to generate it if buffer BUF-NAME
does not exist already.

BUF-NAME cannot be a regexp, it must be a fixed name.

ACCEPT-NUMERIC modifies the function to allow numeric arguments
via C-u.  Mostly used in Eshell."
    (let ((interactive-arg
           (if accept-numeric '(interactive "p") '(interactive)))
          (arguments
           (if accept-numeric '(&optional arg) nil))
          (buffer-name (if accept-numeric
                           `(if (= arg 1)
                                ,buf-name
                              (concat ,buf-name "<" (int-to-string arg) ">"))
                         buf-name))
          (buffer-create (if accept-numeric
                             `(if (= arg 1)
                                  (,buf-create)
                                (,buf-create arg))
                           `(,buf-create))))
      `(defun ,func-name ,arguments
         ,interactive-arg
         (let* ((buffer (or (get-buffer ,buffer-name)
                            ,buffer-create))
                (displayed (get-buffer-window buffer)))
           (if displayed
               (delete-window displayed)
             (display-buffer buffer)
             (select-window (get-buffer-window buffer))))))))
#+end_src
** Automatically run a command on saving
Define a macro which creates hooks into the ~after-save-hook~.  On
certain ~conditions~ being met, ~to-run~ is evaluated.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package simple
  :defer t
  :config
  (defmacro +oreo/create-auto-save (conditions &rest to-run)
    "Create a hook for after saves, where on CONDITIONS being met
TO-RUN is evaluated."
    `(add-hook 'after-save-hook
               #'(lambda ()
                   (interactive)
                   (when ,conditions ,@to-run)))))
#+end_src
** Procedure
A ~lambda~ which takes no arguments is a procedure.  This macro
generates procedures, with the parameters of the macro being the body
of the procedure.  It returns it in quoted form, as that is the most
common use of this macro.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(defmacro proc (&rest BODY)
  "For a given list of forms BODY, return a quoted 0 argument
lambda."
  `(quote (lambda nil ,@BODY)))
#+end_src
** System specificity
A macro that acts as a switch case on ~(system-name)~ which so a user
can write code for each possible host.  For me this is for my desktop
and laptop, particularly for font sizes.  Though there may be an
easier solution than this, this seems simple enough.

Note the check for the symbol ~otherwise~ which is the default case.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(defmacro +oreo/sys-name-cond (&rest pairs)
  "Switch case on result of function `system-name'.

Each pair in PAIRS is typed as: (string . (forms...)) where the
string represents the system name to test, and forms being the
consequence if true."
  `(cond ,@(mapcar
            #'(lambda (pair)
                (cl-destructuring-bind (name . body) pair
                  (if (eq name 'otherwise)
                      `(t ,@body)
                    `((string= (system-name) ,name) ,@body))))
            pairs)))
#+end_src
*** Setting number of native jobs
In [[file:early-init.el][early-init.el]] I set the number of
native-workers to 4, which isn't necessarily optimal when
loading/compiling the rest of this file depending on the machine I
use:
- On my laptop (=newboy=) I'd prefer to have it use 2-3 threads so
  I can actually use the rest of the laptop while waiting for
  compilation
- On my desktop (=oldboy=) I'd prefer to use 4-6 threads as I can
  afford more, so I can get a faster load up.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package comp
  :init
  (+oreo/sys-name-cond
   ("newboy"
    (setq native-comp-async-jobs-number 3))
   ("oldboy"
    (setq native-comp-async-jobs-number 6))))
#+end_src
** Clean buffer list
Clean all buffers excluding those in ~+oreo/keep-buffers~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(defconst +oreo/keep-buffers
  (list "config.org" "*scratch*"
        "*dashboard*" "*Messages*"
        "*Warnings*" "*eshell*")
  "List of buffer names to preserve.")

(defun +oreo/clean-buffers ()
  "Kill all buffers except any with names in +oreo/keep-buffers."
  (interactive)
  (mapcar #'kill-buffer
          (cl-remove-if
           #'(lambda (buf) (member (buffer-name buf) +oreo/keep-buffers))
           (buffer-list))))
#+end_src
* Aesthetics
General look and feel of Emacs (mostly disabling stuff I don't like).
** Themes
I have both a dark and light theme for differing situations.
*** Dark theme
My preferred dark theme is my own "personal-primary" theme which is
stored in the Emacs lisp folder (look at
[[file:elisp/personal-primary-theme.el][this file]]).  It tries to use
the primary colours for everything, which makes it quite simple to
look at.

I have an older version of this theme that uses a homogeneous colour
scheme ([[file:elisp/personal-theme.el][this file]])
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package custom
  :demand t
  :init
  (setq custom-theme-directory (concat user-emacs-directory "elisp/"))
  :config
  (load-theme 'personal-primary t))
#+end_src
*** Switching between light and dark
I'm not very good at designing light themes as I don't really use
them.  However they are necessary in high light situations where a
dark mode would strain the eyes too much.  So I built a custom theme
on top of the default Emacs theme, "personal-light".

2024-06-11: I now use modus-operandi for my light theme.

I don't use it by default but I may need to switch between light and
dark easily, so here's a command to switch between them.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package custom
  :defer t
  :commands +oreo/switch-theme
  :init
  (defvar +oreo/theme 'dark)
  :config
  (defun +oreo/switch-theme ()
    (interactive)
    (cl-case +oreo/theme
      (dark
       (mapc #'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes)
       (load-theme 'modus-operandi t)
       (setq +oreo/theme 'light))
      (light
       (mapc #'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes)
       (load-theme 'personal-primary t)
       (setq +oreo/theme 'dark)))))
#+end_src
** Font size
Set font size to 140 if on my desktop (oldboy) or 175 if on my laptop
(newboy).
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package faces
  :defer t
  :config
  (+oreo/sys-name-cond
   ("newboy" (set-face-attribute 'default nil :height 145))
   ("oldboy" (set-face-attribute 'default nil :height 155))))
#+end_src
** Startup screen
The default startup screen is quite bad in all honesty.  While for a
first time user it can be very helpful in running the tutorial and
finding out more about Emacs, for someone who's already configured it
there isn't much point.

The scratch buffer is an interaction buffer, made when Emacs is first
started, to quickly prototype Emacs Lisp code.  When startup screen is
disabled, this buffer is the first thing presented on boot for Emacs.
So we can use it to store some useful information.

2024-06-04: I use to load [[*Org mode][org-mode]] here for the scratch
buffer and it literally added 2 seconds of load time, so let's just
use fundamental mode and call it a day.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package emacs
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq
   inhibit-startup-screen t
   initial-major-mode 'fundamental-mode
   initial-scratch-message ""
   ring-bell-function 'ignore)
  :config
  (add-hook
   'emacs-startup-hook
   (proc
    (with-current-buffer "*scratch*"
      (goto-char (point-max))
      (insert
       (format
        "Emacs v%s - %s\n"
        emacs-version (emacs-init-time)))))))
#+end_src
** Blinking cursor
Turn on blinking cursor.

2021-03-15: Turn off blinking-cursor-mode as [[*Hl-line][hl-line]] is better.
2024-06-04: Actually a blinking cursor helps to see if Emacs is
hanging, which hl-line just can't do.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package frame
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq blink-cursor-delay 0.2)
  :config
  (blink-cursor-mode))
#+end_src
** Fringes
Turning off borders in my window manager was a good idea, so turn off
the borders for Emacs.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package fringe
  :defer t
  :config
  (fringe-mode 0))
#+end_src
** Mode line
A mode line in an editor can provide a LOT of information, or very
little.  I customised the Emacs modeline to give me a bit of info,
~telephone-line~ to give me a lot.

Currently I use the default mode line with some customisation;
simplicity is above all.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(setq-default
 mode-line-format
 '("%l:%c    "                          ;; Line and column
   "%p["                                ;; %into file
   (:eval (with-eval-after-load "evil" ;; Evil state
            (upcase
             (substring
              (format "%s" (if (bound-and-true-p evil-state)
                               evil-state
                             " "))
              0 1))))
   "]    "
   "%+"
   "%b"
   "("                              ;; Buffer name
   (:eval (format "%s" major-mode))
   ")    "
   "%I    "                             ;; file size
   (:eval (if (project-current)
              (project-name (project-current))))
   (vc-mode vc-mode)                   ;; git branch
   "    "
   (:eval
    (with-eval-after-load "eglot"
      (if eglot--managed-mode
          (eglot--mode-line-format))))
   mode-line-misc-info
   mode-line-end-spaces))
#+end_src
** Mouse
Who uses a mouse? 🤮
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(setq-default use-file-dialog nil)
#+end_src
** Scrolling
Emacs can automatically scroll the buffer depending on how many lines
the cursor is away from the limits of the window.  Here I set the
margin to 8 (so it'll start correcting at 8) and scroll-conservatively
to the same value so it'll keep the cursor centred.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package emacs
  :init
  (setq scroll-conservatively 8
        scroll-margin 8))
#+end_src
* Core packages
For my core packages, whose configuration doesn't change much anyway,
** General
General provides a great solution for binding keys.  It has evil and
use-package support so it fits nicely into configuration.  In this
case, I define a "definer" for the "LEADER" keys.  Leader is bound to
~SPC~ and it's functionally equivalent to the doom/spacemacs leader.
Local leader is bound to ~SPC ,~ and it's similar to doom/spacemacs
leader but doesn't try to fully assimilate the local-leader map,
instead just picking stuff I think is useful.  This forces me to learn
only as many bindings as I find necessary; no more, no less.

I also define prefix leaders for differing applications.  These are
quite self explanatory by their name and provide a nice way to
visualise all bindings under a specific heading just by searching the
code.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package general
  :straight t
  :demand t
  :config
  ;; General which key definitions for leaders
  (general-def
    :states '(normal motion)
    "SPC"   'nil
    "\\"    '(nil :which-key "Local leader")
    "SPC a" '(nil :which-key "Applications")
    "SPC b" '(nil :which-key "Buffers")
    "SPC c" '(nil :which-key "Code")
    "SPC d" '(nil :which-key "Directories")
    "SPC f" '(nil :which-key "Files")
    "SPC i" '(nil :which-key "Insert")
    "SPC m" '(nil :which-key "Modes")
    "SPC r" '(nil :which-key "Tabs")
    "SPC s" '(nil :which-key "Search")
    "SPC t" '(nil :which-key "Shell")
    "SPC q" '(nil :which-key "Quit/Literate"))

  (general-create-definer leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC")

  (general-create-definer local-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :prefix "\\")

  (general-create-definer code-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC c")

  (general-create-definer file-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC f")

  (general-create-definer shell-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC t")

  (general-create-definer tab-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC r")

  (general-create-definer mode-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC m")

  (general-create-definer app-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC a")

  (general-create-definer search-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC s")

  (general-create-definer buffer-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC b")

  (general-create-definer quit-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC q")

  (general-create-definer insert-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC i")

  (general-create-definer dir-leader
    :states '(normal motion)
    :keymaps 'override
    :prefix "SPC d")

  (general-create-definer general-nmmap
    :states '(normal motion))

  (defalias 'nmmap #'general-nmmap)

  (general-evil-setup t))
#+end_src
*** Some binds for Emacs
Some bindings that I couldn't fit elsewhere easily.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package emacs
  :after general
  :general
  ("C-x d" #'delete-frame)

  (nmmap
    "M-;" #'eval-expression
    "g="  #'align-regexp
    "C--" #'text-scale-decrease
    "C-=" #'text-scale-increase
    "C-+" #'text-scale-adjust)

  (leader
    "SPC" '(execute-extended-command :which-key "M-x")
    "p"   `(,project-prefix-map :which-key "Project")
    "'"   '(browse-url-emacs :which-key "Download URL to Emacs")
    ":"   `(,(proc (interactive) (switch-to-buffer "*scratch*"))
            :which-key "Switch to *scratch*")
    "!"   '(async-shell-command :which-key "Async shell command")
    "h"   '(help-command :which-key "Help"))

  (mode-leader
    "T" #'+oreo/switch-theme)

  (code-leader
    "F" `(,(proc (interactive) (find-file "~/Code/"))
          :which-key "Open ~/Code/"))

  (file-leader
    "f" #'find-file
    "F" #'find-file-other-window
    "t" #'find-file-other-tab
    "s" #'save-buffer)

  (buffer-leader
    "b" #'switch-to-buffer
    "d" #'kill-current-buffer
    "c" #'kill-buffer-and-window
    "K" #'kill-buffer
    "j" #'next-buffer
    "k" #'previous-buffer
    "D" '(+oreo/clean-buffers :which-key "Kill most buffers"))

  (quit-leader
    "q" #'save-buffers-kill-terminal
    "c" #'+literate/compile-config
    "C" #'+literate/clean-config
    "l" #'+literate/load-config)

  (search-leader "i" #'imenu))
#+end_src
** Evil
My editor journey started off with Vim rather than Emacs, so my brain
has imprinted on its style.  Thankfully Emacs is super extensible so
there exists a package (more of a supreme system) for porting Vim's
modal editing style to Emacs, called Evil (Emacs Vi Layer).

However there are a lot of packages in Vim that provide greater
functionality, for example 'vim-surround'.  Emacs, by default, has
these capabilities but there are further packages which integrate them
into Evil.
*** Evil core
Setup the evil package, with some opinionated keybindings:
- Switch ~evil-upcase~ and ~evil-downcase~ because I use ~evil-upcase~
  more
- Switch ~evil-goto-mark~ and ~evil-goto-mark-line~ as I'd rather have
  the global one closer to the home row
- Use 'T' character as an action for transposing objects
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil
  :demand t
  :straight t
  :general
  (leader
    "w"  '(evil-window-map :which-key "Window")
    "wT" #'window-swap-states
    "wd" #'evil-window-delete)

  (nmmap
    "K"   #'man
    "TAB" #'evil-jump-item
    "r"   #'evil-replace-state
    "zC"  #'hs-hide-level
    "zO"  #'hs-show-all
    "'"   #'evil-goto-mark
    "`"   #'evil-goto-mark-line
    "C-w" #'evil-window-map
    "gu"  #'evil-upcase
    "gU"  #'evil-downcase
    "T"   nil)

  (nmmap
    :infix "T"
    "w" #'transpose-words
    "c" #'transpose-chars
    "s" #'transpose-sentences
    "p" #'transpose-paragraphs
    "e" #'transpose-sexps
    "l" #'transpose-lines)
  :init
  (setq evil-want-keybinding nil
        evil-split-window-below t
        evil-vsplit-window-right t
        evil-want-abbrev-expand-on-insert-exit t
        evil-undo-system #'undo-tree)
  :config
  (evil-mode))
#+end_src
*** Evil surround
Evil surround is a port for vim-surround.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-surround
  :after evil
  :straight t
  :config
  (global-evil-surround-mode))
#+end_src
*** Evil commentary
Allows generalised commenting of objects easily.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-commentary
  :after evil
  :straight t
  :config
  (evil-commentary-mode))
#+end_src
*** Evil multi cursor
Setup for multi cursors in Evil mode.  Don't let evil-mc setup it's own
keymap because it uses 'gr' as its prefix, which I don't like.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-mc
  :after evil
  :straight t
  :init
  (defvar evil-mc-key-map (make-sparse-keymap))
  :general
  (nmap
    :infix "gz"
    "q" #'evil-mc-undo-all-cursors
    "d" #'evil-mc-make-and-goto-next-match
    "j" #'evil-mc-make-cursor-move-next-line
    "k" #'evil-mc-make-cursor-move-prev-line
    "j" #'evil-mc-make-cursor-move-next-line
    "m" #'evil-mc-make-all-cursors
    "z" #'evil-mc-make-cursor-here
    "r" #'evil-mc-resume-cursors
    "s" #'evil-mc-pause-cursors
    "u" #'evil-mc-undo-last-added-cursor)
  :config
  (global-evil-mc-mode))
  ;; (evil-mc-define-vars)
  ;; (evil-mc-initialize-vars)
  ;; (add-hook 'evil-mc-before-cursors-created #'evil-mc-pause-incompatible-modes)
  ;; (add-hook 'evil-mc-before-cursors-created #'evil-mc-initialize-active-state)
  ;; (add-hook 'evil-mc-after-cursors-deleted  #'evil-mc-teardown-active-state)
  ;; (add-hook 'evil-mc-after-cursors-deleted  #'evil-mc-resume-incompatible-modes)
  ;; (advice-add #'evil-mc-initialize-hooks :override #'ignore)
  ;; (advice-add #'evil-mc-teardown-hooks :override #'evil-mc-initialize-vars)
  ;; (advice-add #'evil-mc-initialize-active-state :before #'turn-on-evil-mc-mode)
  ;; (advice-add #'evil-mc-teardown-active-state :after #'turn-off-evil-mc-mode)
  ;; (add-hook 'evil-insert-state-entry-hook #'evil-mc-resume-cursors)
#+end_src

*** Evil collection
Provides a community based set of keybindings for most modes in
Emacs.  I don't necessarily like all my modes having these bindings
though, as I may disagree with some.  So I use it in a mode to mode basis.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-collection
  :straight t
  :after evil)
#+end_src
*** Evil number
Increment/decrement a number at point like Vim does, but use bindings
that don't conflict with Emacs default.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-numbers
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    "+" #'evil-numbers/inc-at-pt
    "-" #'evil-numbers/dec-at-pt))
#+end_src
** Completion
Emacs is a text based interface.  Completion is its bread and butter
in providing good user experience.  By default Emacs provides
'completions-list' which produces a buffer of options which can be
searched and selected.  We can take this further though!

Ido and Icomplete are packages distributed with Emacs to provide
greater completion interfaces.  They utilise the minibuffer to create
a more interactive experience, allowing incremental searches and
option selection.

Ivy and Helm provide more modern interfaces, though Helm is quite
heavy.  Ivy, on the other hand, provides an interface similar to Ido
with less clutter and better customisation options.
*** Ivy
Ivy is a completion framework for Emacs, and my preferred one.  It has
a great set of features with little to no pain with setting up.
**** Ivy Core
Setup for ivy, in preparation for counsel.  Turn on ivy-mode just
after init.

Setup vim-like bindings for the minibuffer ("M-(j|k)" for down|up the
selection list).
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ivy
  :demand t
  :straight t
  :general
  (general-def
    :keymaps 'ivy-minibuffer-map
    "C-j"    #'ivy-yank-symbol
    "M-j"    #'ivy-next-line-or-history
    "M-k"    #'ivy-previous-line-or-history
    "C-SPC"  #'ivy-occur)
  (general-def
    :keymaps  'ivy-switch-buffer-map
    "M-j"     #'ivy-next-line-or-history
    "M-k"     #'ivy-previous-line-or-history)
  (nmap
    :keymaps '(ivy-occur-mode-map ivy-occur-grep-mode-map)
    "RET"    #'ivy-occur-press-and-switch
    "J"      #'ivy-occur-press
    "gr"     #'ivy-occur-revert-buffer
    "q"      #'quit-window
    "D"      #'ivy-occur-delete-candidate
    "W"      #'ivy-wgrep-change-to-wgrep-mode
    "{"      #'compilation-previous-file
    "}"      #'compilation-next-file)
  :init
  (with-eval-after-load "evil"
    (evil-set-initial-state 'ivy-occur-mode 'normal)
    (evil-set-initial-state 'ivy-occur-grep-mode 'normal))
  (setq ivy-height 10
        ivy-wrap t
        ivy-fixed-height-minibuffer t
        ivy-use-virtual-buffers nil
        ivy-virtual-abbreviate 'full
        ivy-on-del-error-function #'ignore
        ivy-use-selectable-prompt t)
  :config
  (ivy-mode 1)
  (require 'counsel nil t))
#+end_src
**** Counsel
Setup for counsel.  Load after ivy and helpful.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (search-leader
    "s" #'counsel-grep-or-swiper
    "R" #'counsel-rg)
  (file-leader
    "r" #'counsel-recentf)
  (insert-leader
    "c" #'counsel-unicode-char)
  (general-def
    [remap describe-bindings]        #'counsel-descbinds
    [remap load-theme]               #'counsel-load-theme)
  :config
  (setq ivy-initial-inputs-alist '((org-insert-link . "^"))
        counsel-describe-function-function #'helpful-callable
        counsel-describe-variable-function #'helpful-variable
        counsel-grep-swiper-limit 1500000
        ivy-re-builders-alist '((swiper . ivy--regex-plus)
                                (counsel-grep-or-swiper . ivy--regex-plus)
                                (counsel-rg . ivy--regex-plus)
                                (t . ivy--regex-ignore-order)))
  (counsel-mode 1))
#+end_src
**** WAIT Ivy posframe
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
This makes ivy minibuffer windows use child frames.
Very nice eyecandy, but can get kinda annoying.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ivy-posframe
  :hook (ivy-mode-hook . ivy-posframe-mode)
  :straight t
  :init
  (setq ivy-posframe-parameters
        '((left-fringe      . 0)
          (right-fringe     . 0)
          (background-color . "grey7")))

  (setq ivy-posframe-display-functions-alist
        '((t . ivy-posframe-display-at-window-center))))
#+end_src
**** WAIT Counsel etags
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Counsel etags allows me to search generated tag files for tags.  I
already have a function defined to generate the tags, so it's just
searching them which I find to be a bit of a hassle, and where this
package comes in.

This has been replaced by [[*xref][xref]] which is inbuilt.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel-etags
  :after counsel
  :general
  (search-leader
    "t" #'counsel-etags-find-tag))
#+end_src
*** WAIT Ido
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Ido is a very old completion package that still works great to this
day.  Though it is limited in its scope (and may thus be called a
completion add-on rather than a full on framework), it is still a very
powerful package.  With the use of ido-completing-read+, it may be used
similarly to a fully fledged completion framework.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ido
  :demand t
  :general
  (general-def
    :keymaps '(ido-buffer-completion-map
               ido-file-completion-map
               ido-file-dir-completion-map
               ido-common-completion-map)
    (kbd "M-j")   #'ido-next-match
    (kbd "M-k")   #'ido-prev-match
    (kbd "C-x o") #'evil-window-up)
  :init
  (setq ido-decorations
        (list "{" "}" " \n" " ..." "[" "]" " [No match]" " [Matched]"
              " [Not readable]" " [Too big]" " [Confirm]")
        completion-styles '(flex partial-completion intials emacs22))
  (setq-default ido-enable-flex-matching t
                ido-enable-dot-prefix t
                ido-enable-regexp nil)
  (with-eval-after-load "magit"
    (setq magit-completing-read-function 'magit-ido-completing-read))
  :config
  (ido-mode)
  (ido-everywhere))
#+end_src
**** Ido ubiquitous
Ido completing-read+ is a package that extends the ido package to work
with more text based functions.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ido-completing-read+
  :after ido
  :config
  (ido-ubiquitous-mode +1))
#+end_src
*** Amx
Amx is a fork of Smex that works to enhance the
execute-extended-command interface.  It also provides support for ido
or ivy (though I'm likely to use ido here) and allows you to switch
between them.

It provides a lot of niceties such as presenting the key bind when
looking for a command.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package amx
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq amx-backend 'ivy)
  :config
  (amx-mode))
#+end_src
*** Orderless
Orderless sorting method for completion, probably one of the best
things ever.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package orderless
  :straight t
  :after (ivy ido)
  :config
  (setf (alist-get t ivy-re-builders-alist) 'orderless-ivy-re-builder))
#+end_src
*** Completions-list
In case I ever use the completions list, some basic commands to look
around.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package simple
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'completion-list-mode-map
    "l"   #'next-completion
    "h"   #'previous-completion
    "ESC" #'delete-completion-window
    "q"   #'quit-window
    "RET" #'choose-completion)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil"
    (setq evil-emacs-state-modes (cl-remove-if
                                  #'(lambda (x) (eq 'completions-list-mode x))
                                  evil-emacs-state-modes))
    (add-to-list 'evil-normal-state-modes 'completions-list-mode)))
#+end_src
*** Company
Company is the auto complete system I use.  I don't like having heavy
setups for company as it only makes it slower to use.  In this case,
just setup some evil binds for company.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package company
  :defer t
  :straight t
  :hook
  (prog-mode-hook   . company-mode)
  (eshell-mode-hook . company-mode)
  :general
  (imap
    "C-SPC" #'company-complete
    "M-j" #'company-select-next
    "M-k" #'company-select-previous))
#+end_src
** Pretty symbols
Prettify symbols mode allows for users to declare 'symbols' that
replace text within certain modes.  Though this may seem like useless
eye candy, it has aided my comprehension and speed of recognition
(recognising symbols is easier than words).

Essentially a use-package keyword which makes declaring pretty symbols
for language modes incredibly easy.  Checkout my [[C/C++][C/C++]] configuration
for an example.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package prog-mode
  :demand t
  :init
  (setq prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point t)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "use-package-core"
    (add-to-list 'use-package-keywords ':pretty)
    (defun use-package-normalize/:pretty (_name-symbol _keyword args)
      args)

    (defun use-package-handler/:pretty (name _keyword args rest state)
      (use-package-concat
       (use-package-process-keywords name rest state)
       (mapcar
        #'(lambda (arg)
            (let ((mode (car arg))
                  (rest (cdr arg)))
              `(add-hook
                ',mode
                #'(lambda nil
                    (setq prettify-symbols-alist ',rest)
                    (prettify-symbols-mode)))))
        args)))))
#+end_src

Here's a collection of keywords and possible associated symbols for
any prog language of choice.  Mostly for reference and copying.
#+begin_example
("null"   . "Ø")
("list"   . "ℓ")
("string" . "𝕊")
("true"   . "⊤")
("false"  . "⊥")
("char"   . "ℂ")
("int"    . "ℤ")
("float"  . "ℝ")
("!"      . "¬")
("&&"     . "∧")
("||"      . "∨")
("for"    . "∀")
("return" . "⟼")
("print"  . "ℙ")
("lambda" . "λ")
#+end_example
** Window management
Emacs' default window management is quite bad, eating other windows on
a whim and not particularly caring for the current window setup.
Thankfully you can change this via the ~display-buffer-alist~ which
matches buffer names with how the window for the buffer should be
displayed.  I add a use-package keyword to make ~display-buffer-alist~
records within a use-package call.

I have no idea whether it's optimal AT ALL, but it works for me.

2024-04-23: Found this option ~switch-to-buffer-obey-display-actions~
which makes manual buffer switches obey the same constraints via
~display-buffer-alist~ as creating the buffer automatically.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package window
  :demand t
  :general
  :init
  (setq switch-to-buffer-obey-display-actions t)
  (with-eval-after-load "use-package-core"
    (add-to-list 'use-package-keywords ':display)
    (defun use-package-normalize/:display (_name-symbol _keyword args)
      args)

    (defun use-package-handler/:display (name _keyword args rest state)
      (use-package-concat
       (use-package-process-keywords name rest state)
       (mapcar
        #'(lambda (arg)
            `(add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
                          ',arg))
        args)))))
#+end_src
*** Some display records
Using the ~:display~ keyword, setup up some ~display-buffer-alist~
records.  This is mostly for packages that aren't really configured
(like [[info:woman][woman]]) or packages that were configured before
(like [[*Ivy][Ivy]]).
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package window
  :defer t
  :display
  ("\\*Process List\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))

  ("\\*\\(Ido \\)?Completions\\*"
   (display-buffer-in-side-window)
   (window-height . 0.25)
   (side . bottom))

  ("\\*ivy-occur.*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))

  ("\\*Async Shell Command\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25)))
#+end_src
** Tabs
Tabs in vscode are just like buffers in Emacs but way slower and
harder to use.  Tabs in Emacs are essentially window layouts, similar
to instances in Tmux.  With this setup I can use tabs quite
effectively.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package tab-bar
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq tab-bar-show 1)
  :config
  (tab-bar-mode)
  :general
  (tab-leader
    "R" #'tab-rename
    "c" #'tab-close
    "d" #'tab-close
    "f" #'tab-detach
    "h" #'tab-move-to
    "j" #'tab-next
    "k" #'tab-previous
    "l" #'tab-move
    "n" #'tab-new
    "r" #'tab-switch
    "w" #'tab-window-detach)
  (mode-leader
    "t" #'toggle-tab-bar-mode-from-frame))
#+end_src
** Auto typing
Snippets are a pretty nice way of automatically inserting code.  Emacs
provides a ton of packages by default to do this, but there are great
packages to install as well.

Abbrevs and skeletons make up a popular solution within Emacs default.
Abbrevs are for simple expressions wherein the only input is the key,
and the output is some Elisp function.  They provide a lot of inbuilt
functionality and are quite useful.  Skeletons, on the other hand, are
for higher level insertions

The popular external solution is Yasnippet.  Yasnippet is a great
package for snippets, which I use heavily in programming and org-mode.
I setup here the global mode for yasnippet and a collection of
snippets for ease of use.
*** Abbrevs
Just define a few abbrevs for various date-time operations.  Also
define a macro that will assume a function for the expansion, helping
with abstracting a few things away.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package abbrev
  :defer t
  :hook
  (prog-mode-hook . abbrev-mode)
  (text-mode-hook . abbrev-mode)
  :init
  (defmacro +abbrev/define-abbrevs (abbrev-table &rest abbrevs)
    `(progn
       ,@(mapcar #'(lambda (abbrev)
                `(define-abbrev
                   ,abbrev-table
                   ,(car abbrev)
                   ""
                   (proc (insert ,(cadr abbrev)))))
            abbrevs)))
  (setq save-abbrevs nil)
  :config
  (+abbrev/define-abbrevs
   global-abbrev-table
   ("sdate"
    (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d" (current-time)))
   ("stime"
    (format-time-string "%H:%M:%S" (current-time)))
   ("sday"
    (format-time-string "%A" (current-time)))
   ("smon"
    (format-time-string "%B" (current-time)))))
#+end_src
*** WAIT Skeletons
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Defines a macro for generating a skeleton + abbrev for a given mode.
Doesn't sanitise inputs because I assume callers are /rational/ actors
who would *only* use this for their top level Emacs config.

Honestly didn't find much use for this currently, so disabled.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package skeleton
  :after abbrev
  :config
  (defmacro +autotyping/gen-skeleton-abbrev (mode abbrev &rest skeleton)
    (let* ((table          (intern (concat (symbol-name mode) "-abbrev-table")))
           (skeleton-name  (intern (concat "+skeleton/" (symbol-name mode) "/" abbrev))))
      `(progn
         (define-skeleton
           ,skeleton-name
           ""
           ,@skeleton)
         (define-abbrev ,table
           ,abbrev
           ""
           ',skeleton-name)))))
#+end_src
*** Auto insert
Allows inserting text immediately upon creating a new buffer with a
given name.  Supports skeletons for inserting text.  To make it easier
for later systems to define their own auto inserts, I define a
~use-package~ keyword ~auto-insert~ which allows one to define an
entry for ~auto-insert-alist~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package autoinsert
  :demand t
  :hook (emacs-startup-hook . auto-insert-mode)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "use-package-core"
    (add-to-list 'use-package-keywords ':auto-insert)
    (defun use-package-normalize/:auto-insert (_name-symbol _keyword args)
      args)
    (defun use-package-handler/:auto-insert (name _keyword args rest state)
      (use-package-concat
       (use-package-process-keywords name rest state)
       (mapcar
        #'(lambda (arg)
            `(add-to-list
              'auto-insert-alist
              ',arg))
        args)))))
#+end_src
*** Yasnippet
Look at the snippets [[file:../.config/yasnippet/snippets/][folder]]
for all snippets I've got.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package yasnippet
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook
  (prog-mode-hook . yas-minor-mode)
  (text-mode-hook . yas-minor-mode)
  :general
  (insert-leader
    "i" #'yas-insert-snippet)
  :config
  (yas-load-directory (no-littering-expand-etc-file-name "yasnippet/snippets")))
#+end_src
*** Hydra
Hydra is a great package by =abo-abo= (yes the same guy who made ivy
and swiper) and I hope to use it later on in the config.  There are
two use-package declarations here: one for ~hydra~ itself, and the
other for ~use-package-hydra~ which provides the keyword ~:hydra~ in
use-package declarations.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package hydra
  :straight t)

(use-package use-package-hydra
  :straight t)

(use-package hydra
  :hydra
  (hydra-window-resize
   nil "Resize the current window effectively"
   (">" #'evil-window-increase-width)
   ("<" #'evil-window-decrease-width)
   ("-" #'evil-window-decrease-height)
   ("+" #'evil-window-increase-height)
   ("=" #'balance-windows))
  :general
  (leader
    "wr" #'hydra-window-resize/body))
#+end_src
* Small packages
** Info
Info is GNU's attempt at better man pages.  Most Emacs packages have
info pages so I'd like nice navigation options.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package info
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'Info-mode-map
    "h" #'evil-backward-char
    "k" #'evil-previous-line
    "l" #'evil-forward-char
    "H" #'Info-history-back
    "L" #'Info-history-forward
    "RET" #'Info-follow-nearest-node))
#+end_src
** Display line numbers
I don't really like line numbers, I find them similar to
[[*Fringes][fringes]] as useless space, but at least it provides some
information.  Sometimes it can help with doing repeated commands so a
toggle option is necessary.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package display-line-numbers
  :defer t
  :commands display-line-numbers-mode
  :general
  (mode-leader
    "l" #'display-line-numbers-mode)
  :init
  (setq-default display-line-numbers-type 'relative))
#+end_src
** WAIT esup
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
I used to be able to just use
[[file:elisp/profiler-dotemacs.el][profile-dotemacs.el]], when my
Emacs config was smaller, but now it tells me very little information
about where my setup is inefficient due to the literate config.  Just
found this ~esup~ thing and it works perfectly, exactly how I would
prefer getting this kind of information.  It runs an external Emacs
instance and collects information from it, so it doesn't require
restarting Emacs to profile, and I can compile my configuration in my
current instance to test it immediately.

2023-10-16: Unless I'm doing some optimisations or tests, I don't
really need this in my config at all times.  Enable when needed.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package esup
  :straight t
  :defer t)
#+end_src
** Hl-line
Highlights the current line.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package hl-line
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook (text-mode-hook . hl-line-mode)
  :hook (prog-mode-hook . hl-line-mode))
#+end_src
** Recentf
Recentf provides a method of keeping track of recently opened files.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package recentf
  :defer t
  :hook (emacs-startup-hook . recentf-mode))
#+end_src
** Avy
Setup avy with leader.  As I use ~avy-goto-char-timer~ a lot, use the
~C-s~ bind which replaces isearch.  Switch isearch to M-s in case I
need to use it.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package avy
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'override
    "C-s" #'avy-goto-char-timer
    "M-s" #'isearch-forward
    "gp"  #'avy-copy-region
    "gP"  #'avy-move-region
    "gl"  #'avy-goto-line
    "gw"  #'avy-goto-word-1))
#+end_src
** Ace window
Though evil provides a great many features in terms of window
management, ace window can provide some nicer chords for higher
management of windows (closing, switching, etc).

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ace-window
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :custom
  (aw-keys '(?a ?s ?d ?f ?g ?h ?j ?k ?l))
  :general
  (nmmap
    [remap evil-window-next] #'ace-window))
#+end_src
** Ace link
Avy-style link following!
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ace-link
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'override
    "gL" #'ace-link))
#+end_src
** Helpful
Helpful provides a modernised interface for some common help
commands.  I replace ~describe-function~, ~describe-variable~ and
~describe-key~ by their helpful counterparts.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package helpful
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :commands (helpful-callable helpful-variable)
  :general
  (general-def
    [remap describe-function] #'helpful-callable
    [remap describe-variable] #'helpful-variable
    [remap describe-key]      #'helpful-key)
  :display
  ("\\*helpful.*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (inhibit-duplicate-buffer . t)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :config
  (evil-define-key 'normal helpful-mode-map "q" #'quit-window))
#+end_src
** Which-key
Which key uses the minibuffer when performing a keybind to provide
possible options for the next key.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package which-key
  :straight t
  :after general
  :config
  (which-key-mode))
#+end_src
** (Rip)grep
Grep is a great piece of software, a necessary tool in any Linux
user's inventory.  By default Emacs has a family of functions to use
grep, presenting results in a ~compilation~ style.  ~grep~ searches
files, ~rgrep~ searches in a directory using the ~find~ program and
~zgrep~ searches archives.  This is a great solution for a general
computer environment; essentially all Linux installs will have ~grep~
and ~find~ installed.

Ripgrep is a Rust program that attempts to perform better than grep,
and it actually does.  This is because of a set of optimisations, such
as checking the =.gitignore= to exclude certain files from being
searched.  The ripgrep package provides utilities to ripgrep projects
and files for strings.  Though [[*Ivy][ivy]] comes with
~counsel-rg~, it uses Ivy's completion framework rather than the
~compilation~ style buffers, which sometimes proves very useful.

Of course, this requires installing the rg binary which is available
in most repositories nowadays.
*** Grep
I have no use for standard 'grep'; ~counsel-swiper~ does the same
thing faster and within Emacs lisp.  ~rgrep~ is useful though.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package grep
  :defer t
  :display
  ("^\\*grep.*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom display-buffer-reuse-window)
   (window-height . 0.35)
   (reusable-frames . t))
  :general
  (search-leader
    "d" #'rgrep)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'grep-mode-map
    "0" #'evil-beginning-of-line
    "q" #'quit-window
    "i" #'wgrep-change-to-wgrep-mode
    "c" #'recompile)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'wgrep-mode-map
    "q"  #'evil-record-macro
    "ZZ" #'wgrep-finish-edit
    "ZQ" #'wgrep-abort-changes)
  :config
  ;; Without this wgrep doesn't work properly
  (evil-set-initial-state 'grep-mode 'normal))
#+end_src
*** rg
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package rg
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :display
  ("^\\*\\*ripgrep\\*\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom display-buffer-reuse-window)
   (window-height . 0.35)
   (reusable-frames . t))
  :general
  (search-leader
    "r" #'rg)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'rg-mode-map
    "c"  #'rg-recompile
    "C"  #'rg-rerun-toggle-case
    "]]" #'rg-next-file
    "[[" #'rg-prev-file
    "q"  #'quit-window
    "i"  #'wgrep-change-to-wgrep-mode)
  :init
  (setq rg-group-result t
        rg-hide-command t
        rg-show-columns nil
        rg-show-header t
        rg-custom-type-aliases nil
        rg-default-alias-fallback "all"
        rg-buffer-name "*ripgrep*")
  :config
  (evil-set-initial-state 'rg-mode 'normal))
#+end_src
** Olivetti
Olivetti provides a focus mode for Emacs, which makes it look a bit
nicer with fringes.  I also define ~+olivetti-mode~ which will
remember and clear up any window configurations on the frame, then
when turned off will reinsert them - provides a nice way to quickly
focus on a buffer.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package olivetti
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :commands (+olivetti-mode)
  :general
  (mode-leader
    "o" #'+olivetti-mode)
  :init
  (setq-default olivetti-body-width 0.6)
  (setq olivetti-style 'fancy)
  (add-hook 'olivetti-mode-on-hook
            (proc (interactive) (text-scale-increase 1)))
  (add-hook 'olivetti-mode-off-hook
            (proc (interactive) (text-scale-decrease 1)))
  :config
  (defun +olivetti-mode ()
    (interactive)
    (if (not olivetti-mode)
        (progn
          (window-configuration-to-register 1)
          (delete-other-windows)
          (olivetti-mode t))
      (jump-to-register 1)
      (olivetti-mode 0))))
#+end_src
** All the Icons
Nice set of icons with a great user interface to manage them.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package all-the-icons
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :commands (all-the-icons-insert)
  :general
  (insert-leader
    "e" #'all-the-icons-insert))
#+end_src
** Hide mode line
Custom minor mode to toggle the mode line.  Check it out at
[[file:elisp/hide-mode-line.el][elisp/hide-mode-line.el]].
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package hide-mode-line
  :load-path "elisp/"
  :defer t
  :general
  (mode-leader
    "m" #'hide-mode-line-mode))
#+end_src
** Save place
Saves current place in a buffer permanently, so on revisiting the file
(even in a different Emacs instance) you go back to the place you were
at last.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package saveplace
  :defer t
  :config
  (save-place-mode))
#+end_src
** Rot13
ROT13 encoding is a pretty simple cipher; fun to make decoders and
encoders for.  Emacs has default support for it, to the point where it
can display files with the encoding without changing the underlying
text.  That's what this is mainly for.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package rot13
  :defer t
  :general
  (mode-leader
    "r" #'toggle-rot13-mode))
#+end_src
** Licensing
Loads [[file:elisp/license.el][license.el]] for inserting licenses.
Licenses are important for distribution and attribution to be defined
clearly.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package license
  :defer t
  :load-path "elisp/"
  :general
  (insert-leader
    "l" #'+license/insert-copyright-notice
    "L" #'+license/insert-complete-license))
#+end_src
** Memory-report
New feature of Emacs-29, gives a rough report of memory usage with
some details.  Useful to know on a long Emacs instance what could be
eating up memory.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package memory-report
  :defer t
  :general
  (leader
    "qm" #'memory-report))
#+end_src
** Save minibuffer history
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package savehist
  :defer t
  :config
  (savehist-mode t))
#+end_src
** Drag Stuff
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package drag-stuff
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    "C-M-h" #'drag-stuff-left
    "C-M-j" #'drag-stuff-down
    "C-M-k" #'drag-stuff-up
    "C-M-l" #'drag-stuff-right))
#+end_src
** Searching git directories efficiently
Using [[file:elisp/search.el][search.el]] I can search a set of
directories particularly efficiently.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package search
  :defer t
  :load-path "elisp/"
  :general
  (file-leader
    "P" #'+search/find-file
    "S" #'+search/search-all))
#+end_src
* Applications
Emacs is basically an operating system whose primary datatype is text.
Applications are interfaces/environments which serve a variety of
purposes, but provide a lot of capability.
** WAIT Dashboard
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Dashboard creates a custom dashboard for Emacs that replaces the
initial startup screen in default Emacs.  It has a lot of customising
options.

Unfortunately not that useful, many things are easier to invoke
directly such as recent files or project changing.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package dashboard
  :straight t
  :demand t
  :general
  (app-leader
    "b" #'dashboard-refresh-buffer)
  (:states '(normal motion emacs)
   :keymaps 'dashboard-mode-map
   "q" (proc (interactive) (kill-this-buffer)))
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'dashboard-mode-map
    "r" #'dashboard-jump-to-recent-files
    "p" #'dashboard-jump-to-projects
    "}" #'dashboard-next-section
    "{" #'dashboard-previous-section)
  :init
  (setq initial-buffer-choice nil
        dashboard-banner-logo-title "Oreomacs"
        dashboard-center-content t
        dashboard-set-init-info t
        dashboard-startup-banner (no-littering-expand-etc-file-name "dashboard/logo.png")
        dashboard-set-footer t
        dashboard-set-navigator t
        dashboard-items '((projects . 5)
                          (recents . 5))
        dashboard-footer-messages (list
                                   "Collecting parentheses..."
                                   "Linking 'coffee_machine.o'..."
                                   "Uploading ip to hacker named 4chan..."
                                   "Dividing by zero..."
                                   "Solving 3-sat..."
                                   "Obtaining your health record..."
                                   (format "Recompiling Emacs for the %dth time..." (random 1000))
                                   "Escaping the cycle of samsara..."))
  :config
  (dashboard-setup-startup-hook))
#+end_src
** EWW
Emacs Web Wowser is the inbuilt text based web browser for Emacs.  It
can render images and basic CSS styles but doesn't have a JavaScript
engine, which makes sense as it's primarily a text interface.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eww
  :defer t
  :general
  (app-leader
    "w" #'eww)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'eww-mode-map
    "w" #'evil-forward-word-begin
    "Y" #'eww-copy-page-url)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-eww-setup)))
#+end_src
** Calendar
Calendar is a simple inbuilt application that helps with date
functionalities.  I add functionality to copy dates from the calendar
to the kill ring and bind it to "Y".
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package calendar
  :defer t
  :commands (+calendar/copy-date +calendar/toggle-calendar)
  :display
  ("\\*Calendar\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (inhibit-duplicate-buffer . t)
   (window-height . 0.17))
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'calendar-mode-map
    "Y" #'+calendar/copy-date)
  (app-leader
    "d" #'calendar)
  :config
  (defun +calendar/copy-date ()
    "Copy date under cursor into kill ring."
    (interactive)
    (if (use-region-p)
        (call-interactively #'kill-ring-save)
      (let ((date (calendar-cursor-to-date)))
        (when date
          (setq date (encode-time 0 0 0 (nth 1 date) (nth 0 date) (nth 2 date)))
          (kill-new (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d" date)))))))
#+end_src
** Mail
Mail is a funny thing; most people use it just for business or
advertising and it's come out of use in terms of personal
communication in the west for the most part (largely due to "social"
media applications).  However, this isn't true for the open source and
free software movement who heavily use mail for communication.

Integrating mail into Emacs helps as I can send source code and
integrate it into my workflow just a bit better.
*** Notmuch
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package notmuch
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :commands (notmuch +mail/flag-thread)
  :general
  (app-leader "m" #'notmuch)
  (nmap
    :keymaps 'notmuch-search-mode-map
    "f" #'+mail/flag-thread)
  :init
  (defconst +mail/signature "---------------\nAryadev Chavali")
  (defconst +mail/local-dir (no-littering-expand-var-file-name "mail/"))
  (setq notmuch-show-logo nil
        notmuch-search-oldest-first nil
        notmuch-hello-sections '(notmuch-hello-insert-saved-searches
                                 notmuch-hello-insert-alltags
                                 notmuch-hello-insert-recent-searches)
        notmuch-archive-tags '("-inbox" "-unread" "+archive")
        mail-signature +mail/signature
        mail-default-directory +mail/local-dir
        mail-source-directory +mail/local-dir
        message-signature +mail/signature
        message-auto-save-directory +mail/local-dir
        message-directory +mail/local-dir)

  (defun +mail/sync-mail ()
    "Sync mail via mbsync."
    (interactive)
    (start-process-shell-command "" nil "mbsync -a"))
  (defun +mail/trash-junk ()
    "Delete any mail in junk"
    (interactive)
    (start-process-shell-command "" nil "notmuch search --output=files --format=text0 tag:deleted tag:spam tag:trash tag:junk | xargs -r0 rm"))
  :config
  (defun +mail/flag-thread (&optional unflag beg end)
    (interactive (cons current-prefix-arg (notmuch-interactive-region)))
    (notmuch-search-tag
     (notmuch-tag-change-list '("-inbox" "+flagged") unflag) beg end)
    (when (eq beg end)
      (notmuch-search-next-thread)))

  (advice-add #'notmuch-poll-and-refresh-this-buffer :after
              #'+mail/trash-junk)
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-notmuch-setup)))
#+end_src
*** Smtpmail
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package smtpmail
  :defer t
  :commands mail-send
  :init
  (setq-default
   smtpmail-smtp-server "mail.aryadevchavali.com"
   smtpmail-smtp-user "aryadev"
   smtpmail-smtp-service 587
   smtpmail-stream-type 'starttls
   send-mail-function #'smtpmail-send-it
   message-send-mail-function #'smtpmail-send-it))
#+end_src
** Dired
Dired: Directory editor for Emacs.  An incredibly nifty piece of
software which deeply integrates with Emacs as a whole.  Probably the
best file manager overall and for large scale file system tasks I
can't think of a better tool than this.

Here I setup dired with a few niceties
+ Hide details by default (no extra stuff from ~ls~)
+ Omit dot files by default (using ~dired-omit-mode~)
+ If I have two dired windows open, moving or copying files in one
  dired instance will automatically target the other dired window
  (~dired-dwim~)
+ If opening an application on a PDF file, suggest ~zathura~
+ Examine all the subdirectories within the same buffer
  (~+dired/insert-all-subdirectories~)
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package dired
  :demand t
  :commands (dired find-dired)
  :hook
  (dired-mode-hook . auto-revert-mode)
  (dired-mode-hook . dired-hide-details-mode)
  (dired-mode-hook . dired-omit-mode)
  :init
  (setq-default dired-listing-switches "-AFBlu --group-directories-first"
                dired-omit-files "^\\."
                dired-dwim-target t)
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-dired-setup))
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'dired-mode-map
    "SPC"   nil
    "SPC ," nil
    "("     #'dired-hide-details-mode
    ")"     #'dired-omit-mode
    "T"     #'dired-create-empty-file
    "H"     #'dired-up-directory
    "L"     #'dired-find-file)
  (dir-leader
    "f" #'find-dired
    "d" #'dired
    "D" #'dired-other-window
    "i" #'image-dired
    "p" `(,(proc (interactive)
                 (dired "~/Text/PDFs/"))
          :which-key "Open PDFs"))
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'dired-mode-map
    "i" #'dired-maybe-insert-subdir
    "I" #'+dired/insert-all-subdirectories
    "o" #'dired-omit-mode
    "k" #'dired-prev-subdir
    "j" #'dired-next-subdir
    "K" #'dired-kill-subdir
    "m" #'dired-mark-files-regexp
    "u" #'dired-undo)
  :config
  (add-to-list 'dired-guess-shell-alist-user '("\\.pdf\\'" "zathura"))
  (defun +dired/insert-all-subdirectories ()
    "Insert all subdirectories currently viewable."
    (interactive)
    (dired-mark-directories nil)
    (mapc #'dired-insert-subdir (dired-get-marked-files))
    (dired-unmark-all-marks)))
#+end_src
*** image-dired
Image dired is a little cherry on top for Dired: the ability to look
through swathes of images in a centralised fashion while still being
able to do all the usual dired stuff as well is really cool.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package dired
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq image-dired-external-viewer "nsxiv")
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'image-dired-thumbnail-mode-map
    "h"   #'image-dired-backward-image
    "l"   #'image-dired-forward-image
    "j"   #'image-dired-next-line
    "k"   #'image-dired-previous-line
    "H"   #'image-dired-display-previous
    "L"   #'image-dired-display-next
    "RET" #'image-dired-display-this
    "m"   #'image-dired-mark-thumb-original-file
    "q"   #'quit-window))
#+end_src
*** fd-dired
Uses fd for finding file results in a directory: ~find-dired~ ->
~fd-dired~.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package fd-dired
  :straight t
  :after dired
  :general
  (dir-leader
    "g" #'fd-dired))
#+end_src
*** wdired
Similar to [[*(Rip)grep][wgrep]] =wdired= provides
the ability to use Emacs motions and editing on file names.  This
makes stuff like mass renaming and other file management tasks way
easier than even using the mark based system.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package wdired
  :straight t
  :after dired
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'dired-mode-map
    "W" #'wdired-change-to-wdired-mode)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'wdired-mode-map
    "ZZ" #'wdired-finish-edit
    "ZQ" #'wdired-abort-changes))
#+end_src
** WAIT Xwidget
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Xwidget is a package which allows for the insertion of arbitrary
xwidgets into Emacs through buffers.  It must be compiled into Emacs
so you might need to customise your install.  One of its premier uses
is in navigating the web which it provides through the function
~xwidget-webkit-browse-url~.  This renders a fully functional web
browser within Emacs.

Though I am not to keen on using Emacs to browse the web /via/ xwidget
(EWW does a good job on its own), I am very interested in its
capability to render pages with JavaScript, as it may come of use when
doing web development.  I can see the results of work very quickly
without switching windows all within Emacs.

2023-10-20: Disabled as it didn't seem to work, and honestly wasn't
that useful.
*** Xwidget Core
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package xwidget
  :general
  (app-leader
    "u" #'xwidget-webkit-browse-url)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'xwidget-webkit-mode-map
    "q"         #'quit-window
    "h"         #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward
    "j"         #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-up
    "k"         #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-down
    "l"         #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward
    "+"         #'xwidget-webkit-zoom-in
    "-"         #'xwidget-webkit-zoom-out
    (kbd "C-f") #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-up
    (kbd "C-b") #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-down
    "H"         #'xwidget-webkit-back
    "L"         #'xwidget-webkit-forward
    "gu"        #'xwidget-webkit-browse-url
    "gr"        #'xwidget-webkit-reload
    "gg"        #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-top
    "G"         #'xwidget-webkit-scroll-bottom))
#+end_src
*** Xwidget Extensions
Define a function ~+xwidget/render-file~ that reads a file name and
presents it in an xwidget.  If the current file is an HTML file, ask
if user wants to open current file.  Bind it to ~aU~ in the leader.

Also define a function ~+xwidget/search-query~ that first asks the
user what search engine they want to use
([[https://duckduckgo.com][Duck Duck Go]] and
[[https://devdocs.io][DevDocs]] currently) then asks for a query,
which it parses then presents in an xwidget window.  Bind to ~as~ in
the leader.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package xwidget
  :commands (+xwidget/render-file +xwidget/search)
  :general
  (app-leader
    "U" #'+xwidget/render-file
    "s" #'+xwidget/search)
  :config
  (setenv "WEBKIT_FORCE_SANDBOX" "0")
  (defun +xwidget/render-file (&optional FORCE)
    "Find file (or use current file) and render in xwidget."
    (interactive)
    (cond
     ((and (not FORCE) (or (string= (replace-regexp-in-string ".*.html"
                                                              "html" (buffer-name)) "html")
                           (eq major-mode 'web-mode)
                           (eq major-mode 'html-mode))) ; If in html file
      (if (y-or-n-p "Open current file?: ") ; Maybe they want to open a separate file
          (xwidget-webkit-browse-url (format "file://%s" (buffer-file-name)))
        (+xwidget/render-file t))) ; recurse and open file via prompt
     (t
      (xwidget-webkit-browse-url
       (format "file://%s" (read-file-name "Enter file to open: "))))))

  (defun +xwidget/search ()
    "Run a search query on some search engine and display in
xwidget."
    (interactive)
    (let* ((engine (completing-read "Engine: " '("duckduckgo.com" "devdocs.io") nil t))
           (query-raw (read-string "Enter query: "))
           (query
            (cond
             ((string= engine "duckduckgo.com") query-raw)
             ((string= engine "devdocs.io") (concat "_ " query-raw)))))
      (xwidget-webkit-browse-url (concat "https://" engine "/?q=" query)))))
#+end_src
** Eshell
*** Why Eshell?
Eshell is an integrated shell environment for Emacs, written in Emacs
Lisp.  I argue that it is the best shell/command interpreter to use in
Emacs.

Eshell is unlike the alternatives in Emacs as it's a /shell/ first,
not a terminal emulator. It has the ability to spoof some aspects of a
terminal emulator (through the shell parser), but it is NOT a terminal
emulator.

The killer benefits of eshell (which would appeal to Emacs users) are
a direct result of eshell being written in Emacs lisp:
- incredible integration with Emacs utilities (such as ~dired~,
  ~find-file~, any read functions, etc)
- very extensible, easy to write new commands which leverage Emacs
  commands as well as external utilities
- agnostic of platform: "eshell/cd" will call the underlying change
  directory function for you, so commands will (usually) mean the same
  thing regardless of platform
  - this means as long as Emacs can run on an operating system, one
    may run eshell

However, my favourite feature of eshell is the set of evaluators that
run on command input.  Some of the benefits listed above come as a
result of this powerful feature. These evaluators are described below.

Lisp evaluator: works on braced expressions, evaluating them as Lisp
expressions (e.g. ~(message "Hello, World!\n")~).  Any returned
objects are printed.  This makes eshell a LISP REPL!

External evaluator: works within curly braces, evaluating them via
some external shell process (like sh) (e.g. ~{echo "Hello,
world!\n"}~).  This makes eshell a (kinda dumb) terminal emulator!

The alias evaluator is the top level evaluator.  It is the main
evaluator for each expression given to eshell.  When given an
expression it tries to evaluate it by testing against these conditions:
- it's an alias defined by the user or in the ~eshell/~ namespace of
  functions (simplest evaluator)
- it's some form of lisp expression (lisp evaluator)
- it's an external command (bash evaluator)
Essentially, you get the best of both Emacs and external shell
programs *ALL WITHIN* Emacs for free.
*** Eshell functionality
Bind some evil-like movements for easy shell usage, and a toggle
function to pull up the eshell quickly.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eshell
  :defer t
  :general
  (shell-leader
    "t" #'eshell)
  :init
  (add-hook
   'eshell-mode-hook
   (proc
    (interactive)
    (general-def
      :states '(normal insert)
      :keymaps 'eshell-mode-map
      "M-j" #'eshell-next-matching-input-from-input
      "M-k" #'eshell-previous-matching-input-from-input)
    (local-leader
      :keymaps 'eshell-mode-map
      "c" (proc (interactive) (eshell/clear)
                (recenter))
      "k" #'eshell-kill-process))))
#+end_src
*** Eshell pretty symbols and display
Pretty symbols and a display record.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eshell
  :defer t
  :display
  ("\\*e?shell\\*" ; for general shells as well
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.33)))
#+end_src
*** Eshell variables and aliases
Set some sane defaults, a banner and a prompt.  The prompt checks for
a git repo in the current directory and provides some extra
information in that case (in particular, branch name and if there any
changes that haven't been committed).

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eshell
  :defer t
  :config
  (defun +eshell/--git-get-remote-status ()
    (let* ((branch-status (split-string
                           (shell-command-to-string "git status | grep 'Your branch is'")))
           (status (nth 3 branch-status))
           (diff (cl-position "by" branch-status :test #'string=)))
      (if (null diff)
          (propertize "=" 'font-lock-face '(:foreground "green"))
        (let ((n (nth (+ 1 diff) branch-status)))
          (concat
           (cond
            ((string= status "ahead")
             (propertize "→ " 'font-lock-face '(:foreground "dodger blue")))
            ((string= status "behind")
             (propertize "← " 'font-lock-face '(:foreground "orange red"))))
           n)))))

  (defun +eshell/--git-get-change-status ()
    (let ((changed-files (- (length (split-string (shell-command-to-string "git status -s" ) "\n")) 1)))
      (if (= changed-files 0)
          (propertize "✓" 'font-lock-face '(:foreground "green"))
        (propertize (number-to-string changed-files) 'font-lock-face '(:foreground "red")))))

  (defun +eshell/get-git-properties ()
    (let ((git-branch (shell-command-to-string "git branch")))
      (if (or (string= git-branch "")
             (not (string= "*" (substring git-branch 0 1))))
          ""
        (format
         "(%s<%s>[%s])"
         (nth 2 (split-string git-branch "\n\\|\\*\\| "))
         (+eshell/--git-get-change-status)
         (+eshell/--git-get-remote-status)))))

  (defun +eshell/prompt-function ()
    (let ((git (+eshell/get-git-properties)))
      (mapconcat
       (lambda (item)
         (if (listp item)
             (propertize (car item)
                         'read-only t
                         'font-lock-face (cdr item)
                         'front-sticky   '(font-lock-face read-only)
                         'rear-nonsticky '(font-lock-face read-only))
           item))
       (list
        '("[")
        `(,(abbreviate-file-name (eshell/pwd)) :foreground "LimeGreen")
        '("]")
        (if (string= git "")
            ""
          (concat "-" git ""))
        "\n"
        `(,(format-time-string "[%H:%M:%S]") :foreground "purple")
        "\n"
        '("𝜆> " :foreground "DeepSkyBlue")))))

  (defun +eshell/banner-message ()
    (concat (shell-command-to-string "~/.local/scripts/cowfortune")
            "\n"))

  (setq eshell-cmpl-ignore-case t
        eshell-cd-on-directory t
        eshell-banner-message '(+eshell/banner-message)
        eshell-highlight-prompt nil
        eshell-prompt-function #'+eshell/prompt-function
        eshell-prompt-regexp "^𝜆> "))
#+end_src
*** Eshell change directory quickly
Add ~eshell/goto~, which is actually a command accessible from within
eshell (this is because ~eshell/*~ creates an accessible function
within eshell with name ~*~).  ~eshell/goto~ makes it easier to change
directories by using Emacs' find-file interface (which is much faster
than ~cd ..; ls -l~).

~eshell/goto~ is a better ~cd~ for eshell.  However it is really just
a plaster over a bigger issue for my workflow; many times I want
eshell to be present in the current directory of the buffer I am
using.  So here's also a command for opening eshell with the current
directory.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eshell
  :defer t
  :general
  (leader
    "T" #'+eshell/current-buffer)
  :config
  (defun eshell/goto (&rest args)
    "Use `read-directory-name' to change directories."
    (eshell/cd (list (read-directory-name "Directory?: "))))

  (defun eshell/project-root (&rest args)
    "Change to directory `project-root'"
    (if (project-current)
        (eshell/cd (list (project-root (project-current))))
      (eshell/echo (format "[%s]: No project in current directory"
                           (propertize "Error" 'font-lock-face '(:foreground "red"))))))

  (defun +eshell/current-buffer ()
    (interactive)
    (let  ((dir (if buffer-file-name
                    (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)
                  default-directory))
           (buf (eshell)))
      (if dir
          (with-current-buffer buf
            (eshell/cd dir)
            (eshell-send-input))
        (message "Could not switch eshell: buffer is not real file")))))
#+end_src
** WAIT Elfeed
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Elfeed is the perfect RSS feed reader, integrated into Emacs
perfectly.  I've got a set of feeds that I use for a large variety of
stuff, mostly media and entertainment.  I've also bound "<leader> ar"
to elfeed for loading the system.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package elfeed
  :general
  (app-leader "r" #'elfeed)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'elfeed-search-mode-map
    "gr"       #'elfeed-update
    "s"        #'elfeed-search-live-filter
    "<return>" #'elfeed-search-show-entry)
  :init
  (setq elfeed-db-directory (no-littering-expand-var-file-name "elfeed/"))

  (setq +rss/feed-urls
        '(("Arch Linux"
           "https://www.archlinux.org/feeds/news/"
           News Technology)
          ("The Onion"
           "https://www.theonion.com/rss"
           Social)
          ("Protesilaos Stavrou"
           "https://www.youtube.com/@protesilaos"
           YouTube Technology)
          ("Tsoding Daily"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCrqM0Ym_NbK1fqeQG2VIohg"
           YouTube Technology)
          ("Tsoding"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCrqM0Ym_NbK1fqeQG2VIohg"
           YouTube Technology)
          ("Nexpo"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCpFFItkfZz1qz5PpHpqzYBw"
           YouTube Stories)
          ("3B1B"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw"
           YouTube)
          ("Fredrik Knusden"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCbWcXB0PoqOsAvAdfzWMf0w"
           YouTube Stories)
          ("Barely Sociable"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UC9PIn6-XuRKZ5HmYeu46AIw"
           YouTube Stories)
          ("Atrocity Guide"
           "https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCn8OYopT9e8tng-CGEWzfmw"
           YouTube Stories)
          ("Hacker News"
           "https://news.ycombinator.com/rss"
           Social News Technology)
          ("Hacker Factor"
           "https://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/feeds/index.rss2"
           Social)))
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-elfeed-setup))

  (setq elfeed-feeds (cl-map 'list #'(lambda (item)
                                       (append (list (nth 1 item)) (cdr (cdr item))))
                             +rss/feed-urls))

  (advice-add  'elfeed-search-show-entry :after #'+elfeed/dispatch-entry)

  (defun +elfeed/dispatch-entry (entry)
    "Process each type of entry differently.
  e.g., you may want to open HN entries in eww."
    (let ((url (elfeed-entry-link entry)))
      (pcase url
        ((pred (string-match-p "https\\:\\/\\/www.youtube.com\\/watch"))
         (mpv-play-url url))
        (_ (eww url))))))
#+end_src
** Magit
Magit is *the* git porcelain for Emacs, which perfectly encapsulates
the git cli.  In this case I just need to setup the bindings for it.
As magit will definitely load after evil (as it must be run by a
binding, and evil will load after init), I can use evil-collection
freely.  Also, define an auto insert for commit messages so that I
don't need to write everything myself.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package magit
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :display
  ("magit:.*"
   (display-buffer-same-window)
   (inhibit-duplicate-buffer . t))
  ("magit-diff:.*"
   (display-buffer-below-selected))
  ("magit-log:.*"
   (display-buffer-same-window))
  :general
  (leader
    "g" '(magit-dispatch :which-key "Magit"))
  (code-leader
    "b" #'magit-blame)
  :auto-insert
  (("COMMIT_EDITMSG" . "Commit skeleton")
   ""
   "(" (read-string "Enter feature/module: ") ")"
   (read-string "Enter simple description: ") "\n\n")
  :init
  (setq vc-follow-symlinks t
        magit-blame-echo-style 'lines
        magit-copy-revision-abbreviated t)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil"
    (evil-set-initial-state 'magit-status-mode 'motion))
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-magit-setup)))
#+end_src
** IBuffer
IBuffer is the dired of buffers: providing the ability to mark
buffers, mass rename/delete and just observe stuff.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ibuffer
  :defer t
  :general
  (buffer-leader
    "i" #'ibuffer)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-ibuffer-setup)))
#+end_src
** Proced
Emacs has two systems for process management:
+ proced: a general 'top' like interface which allows general
  management of linux processes
+ list-processes: a specific Emacs based system that lists processes
  spawned by Emacs (similar to a top for Emacs specifically)

Core proced config, just a few bindings and evil collection setup.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package proced
  :defer t
  :general
  (app-leader
    "p" #'proced)
  (nmap
    :keymaps 'proced-mode-map
    "za" #'proced-toggle-auto-update)
  :display
  ("\\*Proced\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :init
  (setq proced-auto-update-interval 0.5)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-proced-setup)))
#+end_src
** Calculator
Surprise, surprise Emacs comes with a calculator.

Greater surprise, this thing is over powered.  It can perform the
following (and more):
- Matrix calculations
- Generalised calculus operations
- Equation solvers for n-degree multi-variable polynomials
- Embedded mode (check below)!

~calc-mode~ is a calculator system within Emacs that provides a
diverse array of mathematical operations.  It uses reverse polish
notation to do calculations (though there is a standard infix
algebraic notation mode).

Embedded mode allows computation with the current buffer as the echo
area.  This basically means I can compute stuff within a buffer
without invoking calc directly: $1 + 2\rightarrow_{\text{calc-embed}} 3$.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package calc
  :defer t
  :display
  ("*Calculator*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.18))
  :general
  (app-leader
    "c" #'calc-dispatch)
  (mode-leader
    "c" #'calc-embedded)
  :init
  (setq calc-algebraic-mode t)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-calc-setup)))
#+end_src
*** WAIT Calctex
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
~calc-mode~ also has a 3rd party package called ~calctex~. It renders
mathematical expressions within calc as if they were rendered in TeX.
You can also copy the expressions in their TeX forms, which is pretty
useful when writing a paper.  I've set a very specific lock on this
repository as it's got quite a messy work-tree and this commit seems to
work for me given the various TeX utilities installed via Arch.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package calctex
  :after calc
  :straight (calctex :type git :host github :repo "johnbcoughlin/calctex")
  :hook (calc-mode-hook . calctex-mode))
#+end_src
** WAIT Ledger
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ledger-mode
  :defer t)

(use-package evil-ledger
  :after ledger-mode)
#+end_src
** Zone
Of course Emacs has a cool screensaver software.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package zone-matrix
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :commands (zone)
  :general
  (leader
    "z" #'zone)
  :init
  (setq zone-programs
        [zone-pgm-drip
         zone-pgm-drip-fretfully
         zone-pgm-martini-swan-dive
         zone-pgm-stress
         zone-pgm-random-life]))
#+end_src
** (Wo)man
Man pages are the user manuals for most software on Linux.  Really
useful when writing code for Un*x systems, though they can be very
verbose.

2023-08-17: `Man-notify-method' is the reason the `:display' record
doesn't work here.  I think it's to do with how Man pages are rendered
or something, but very annoying as it's a break from standards!
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package man
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq Man-notify-method 'pushy)
  :display
  ("^\\*Man.*"
   (display-buffer-reuse-mode-window display-buffer-same-window))
  :general
  (file-leader
    "m" #'man) ;; kinda like "find man page"
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'Man-mode-map
    "RET" #'man-follow))
#+end_src
** WAIT gif-screencast
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Little application that uses =gifsicle= to make essentially videos of
Emacs.  Useful for demonstrating features.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package gif-screencast
  :straight t
  :general
  (app-leader
    "x" #'gif-screencast-start-or-stop)
  :init
  (setq gif-screencast-output-directory (expand-file-name "~/Media/emacs/")))
#+end_src
** Image-mode
Image mode, for viewing images.  Supports tons of formats, easy to use
and integrates slickly into image-dired.  Of course,
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package image-mode
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'image-mode-map
    "+" #'image-increase-size
    "-" #'image-decrease-size
    "p" #'image-animate
    "P" #'image-animate-set-speed
    "h" #'image-backward-hscroll
    "j" #'image-next-line
    "k" #'image-previous-line
    "l" #'image-forward-hscroll))
#+end_src
** WAIT ERC
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package erc
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq erc-server "irc.libera.chat"
        erc-nick "oreodave"
        erc-buffer-display "current"))
#+end_src
** WAIT MPV
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Basically a porcelain over mpv via the IPC interface.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package mpv
  :defer t
  :straight t
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "org"
    (defun org-mpv-complete-link (&optional arg)
      (replace-regexp-in-string
       "file:" "mpv:"
       (org-link-complete-file arg)
       t t))
    (org-link-set-parameters "mpv"
                             :follow #'mpv-play :complete #'org-mpv-complete-link)))
#+end_src
* Text modes
Standard packages and configurations for text-mode and its derived
modes.
** Flyspell
Flyspell allows me to quickly spell check text documents.  I use
flyspell primarily in org mode, as that is my preferred prose writing
software, but I also need it in commit messages and so on.  So
flyspell-mode should be hooked to text-mode.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package flyspell
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook (text-mode-hook . flyspell-mode)
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'text-mode-map
    (kbd "M-C") #'flyspell-correct-word-before-point
    (kbd "M-c") #'flyspell-auto-correct-word)
  (mode-leader
    "s" #'flyspell-mode))
#+end_src
** Undo tree
Undo tree sits on top of the incredible Emacs undo capabilities.
Provides a nice visual for edits and a great way to produce branches
of edits.  Also allows saving of undo trees, which makes Emacs a quasi
version control system in and of itself!  The only extra necessary
would be describing changes...
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package undo-tree
  :demand t
  :straight t
  :general
  (leader
    "u" #'undo-tree-visualize)
  :init
  (setq undo-tree-auto-save-history t
        undo-tree-history-directory-alist backup-directory-alist)
  :config
  (global-undo-tree-mode))
#+end_src
** Whitespace
Deleting whitespace, highlighting when going beyond the 80th character
limit, all good stuff.  I don't want to highlight whitespace for
general mode categories (Lisp shouldn't really have an 80 character
limit), so set it for specific modes need the help.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package whitespace
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    "M--"   #'whitespace-cleanup)
  (mode-leader
    "w" #'whitespace-mode)
  :hook
  (before-save-hook  . whitespace-cleanup)
  (c-mode-hook       . whitespace-mode)
  (c++-mode-hook     . whitespace-mode)
  (haskell-mode-hook . whitespace-mode)
  (python-mode-hook  . whitespace-mode)
  (org-mode-hook     . whitespace-mode)
  (text-mode-hook    . whitespace-mode)
  :init
  (setq whitespace-style '(face empty spaces tabs newline trailing lines-char
                                tab-mark missing-newline-at-eof)
        whitespace-line-column 80))
#+end_src
** Set auto-fill-mode for all text-modes
Auto fill mode automatically newlines text on 80 characters, which
looks nice and integrates well with Evil's sentence and paragraph text
objects.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook #'auto-fill-mode)
#+end_src
** Show-paren-mode
Show parenthesis for Emacs
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'prog-mode-hook #'show-paren-mode)
#+end_src
** Smartparens
Smartparens is a smarter electric-parens, it's much more aware of
context and easier to use.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package smartparens
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook
  (prog-mode-hook . smartparens-mode)
  (text-mode-hook . smartparens-mode)
  :config
  (setq sp-highlight-pair-overlay nil
        sp-highlight-wrap-overlay t
        sp-highlight-wrap-tag-overlay t)

  (let ((unless-list '(sp-point-before-word-p
                       sp-point-after-word-p
                       sp-point-before-same-p)))
    (sp-pair "'"  nil :unless unless-list)
    (sp-pair "\"" nil :unless unless-list))
  (sp-local-pair sp-lisp-modes "(" ")" :unless '(:rem sp-point-before-same-p))
  (require 'smartparens-config))
#+end_src
** Thesaurus
=le-thesaurus= is a great extension for quickly searching up words for
synonyms or antonyms.  I may need it anywhere so I bind it to all
keymaps.  Same with dictionary searching.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package le-thesaurus
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :display
  ("\\*Dictionary\\*"
   (display-buffer-reuse-window display-buffer-same-window)
   (reusable-frames . t))
  :init
  (setq dictionary-server "dict.org")
  :general
  (search-leader
    :infix "w"
    "s" #'le-thesaurus-get-synonyms
    "a" #'le-thesaurus-get-antonyms
    "d" #'dictionary-search))
#+end_src
* Programming packages
Packages that help with programming in general, providing IDE like
capabilities.
** Eldoc
Eldoc presents documentation to the user upon placing ones cursor upon
any symbol.  This is very useful when programming as it:
- presents the arguments of functions while writing calls for them
- presents typing and documentation of variables

Eldoc box makes the help buffer a hovering box instead of printing it
in the minibuffer.  A lot cleaner.

2024-05-31: Eldoc box is a bit useless now that I'm not using frames.
I prefer the use of the minibuffer for printing documentation now.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eldoc
  :defer t
  :hook (prog-mode-hook . eldoc-mode)
  :init
  (global-eldoc-mode 1)
  :general
  (leader
    "h>" #'eldoc-doc-buffer))
#+end_src
** Flycheck
Flycheck is the checking system for Emacs.  I don't necessarily like
having all my code checked all the time, so I haven't added a hook to
prog-mode as it would be better for me to decide when I want checking
and when I don't.

I've added it to C/C++ mode because I use them regularly and flycheck
has very little overhead to work there.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package flycheck
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :commands (flycheck-mode flycheck-list-errors)
  :hook
  (c-mode-hook   . flycheck-mode)
  (c++-mode-hook . flycheck-mode)
  :general
  (mode-leader
    "f" #'flycheck-mode)
  (code-leader
    "x" #'flycheck-list-errors
    "J" #'flycheck-next-error
    "K" #'flycheck-previous-error)
  :display
  ("\\*Flycheck.*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :init
  (setq-default flycheck-check-syntax-automatically '(save new-line mode-enabled))
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-flycheck-setup)))
#+end_src
** Eglot
Eglot is package to communicate with LSP servers for better
programming capabilities.  Interactions with a server provide results
to the client, done through JSON.

NOTE: Emacs 28.1 comes with better JSON parsing, which makes Eglot
much faster.

2023-03-26: I've found Eglot to be useful sometimes, but many of the
projects I work on don't require a heavy server setup to efficiently
edit and check for errors; Emacs provides a lot of functionality.  So
by default I've disabled it, using =M-x eglot= to startup the LSP
server when I need it.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package eglot
  :defer t
  :general
  (code-leader
    :keymaps 'eglot-mode-map
    "f" #'eglot-format
    "a" #'eglot-code-actions
    "r" #'eglot-rename
    "R" #'eglot-reconnect)
  :init
  (setq eglot-stay-out-of '(flymake)
        eglot-ignored-server-capabilities '(:documentHighlightProvider
                                            :documentOnTypeFormattingProvider
                                            :inlayHintProvider))
  :config
  (add-to-list 'eglot-server-programs '((c++-mode c-mode) "clangd")))
#+end_src
*** Flycheck-Eglot
By default Eglot uses the integrated flymake package for error
reporting.  I don't mind flymake, and I think an integrated solution
which doesn't rely on external packages is always a great idea.
However, I just personally prefer flycheck and it's become part of my
mental model when programming.  So here's a package which will
integrate flycheck into Eglot's error reporting.

(Funny but also kind of depressing is this issue in Eglot where
someone requested this integration, which caused a bit of a flame war.
People are stupid.
[[https://github.com/joaotavora/eglot/issues/42][no opinion on
flymake]])
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package flycheck-eglot
  :straight t
  :after (flycheck eglot)
  :hook (eglot-managed-mode-hook . flycheck-eglot-mode))
#+end_src
** Indentation
By default, turn off tabs and set the tab width to two.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil
              tab-width 2)
#+end_src

However, if necessary later, define a function that may activate tabs locally.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(defun +oreo/use-tabs ()
  (interactive)
  (setq-local indent-tabs-mode t))
#+end_src
** Highlight todo items
TODO items are highlighted in org-mode, but not necessarily in every
mode.  This minor mode highlights all TODO like items via a list of
strings to match.  It also configures faces to use when highlighting.
I hook it to prog-mode.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package hl-todo
  :straight t
  :after prog-mode
  :hook (prog-mode-hook . hl-todo-mode)
  :init
  (setq hl-todo-keyword-faces
        '(("TODO"  . "#E50000")
          ("WIP"   . "#ffa500")
          ("NOTE"  . "#00CC00")
          ("FIXME" . "#d02090"))))
#+end_src
** Hide-show mode
Turn on ~hs-minor-mode~ for all prog-mode.  This provides folds for
free.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package hideshow
  :defer t
  :hook (prog-mode-hook . hs-minor-mode))
#+end_src
** Aggressive indenting
Essentially my dream editing experience: when I type stuff in, try and
indent it for me on the fly.  Just checkout the
[[https://github.com/Malabarba/aggressive-indent-mode][page]], any
description I give won't do it justice.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package aggressive-indent
  :straight t
  :demand t
  :config
  (add-to-list 'aggressive-indent-excluded-modes
               'c-mode)
  (add-to-list 'aggressive-indent-excluded-modes
               'c++-mode)
  (add-to-list 'aggressive-indent-excluded-modes
               'cc-mode)
  (global-aggressive-indent-mode))
#+end_src
** Compilation
Colourising the compilation buffer so ANSI colour codes get computed.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package compile
  :defer t
  :general
  (leader
    "j" #'next-error
    "k" #'previous-error)
  (code-leader
    "c" #'compile
    "C" #'recompile)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'compilation-mode-map
    "c" #'recompile)
  (general-def
    :keymaps 'compilation-mode-map
    "g" nil) ;; by default this is recompile
  :display
  ("\\*compilation\\*"
   (display-buffer-reuse-window display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (reusable-frames . t)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :config
  (defun +compile/colourise ()
    "Colourise the emacs compilation buffer."
    (interactive)
    (let ((inhibit-read-only t))
      (ansi-color-apply-on-region (point-min) (point-max))))
  (add-hook 'compilation-filter-hook #'+compile/colourise))
#+end_src
** xref
Find definitions, references and general objects using tags without
external packages.  Provided by default in Emacs and just requires a
way of generating a =TAGS= file for your project.  Helps with minimal
setups for programming without heavier packages like [[*Eglot][Eglot]].
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package xref
  :defer t
  :display
  ("\\*xref\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (inhibit-duplicate-buffer . t)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :general
  (code-leader
    "t" '(nil :which-key "Tags"))
  (code-leader
    :infix "t"
    "t" #'xref-find-apropos
    "d" #'xref-find-definitions
    "r" #'xref-find-references)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'xref--xref-buffer-mode-map
    "RET" #'xref-goto-xref
    "J" #'xref-next-line
    "K" #'xref-prev-line
    "g" #'xref-revert-buffer
    "q" #'quit-window))
#+end_src
** Project.el
An inbuilt solution for creating and managing projects that doesn't
require a dependency.  Where possible we should try to use Emacs
defaults (admittedly this is a philosophy I've only recently adopted)
so when setting up a new computer it takes a bit less time.

Here I write a TAGS command, mimicking projectile's one, so I can
quickly generate them in C/C++ projects.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package project
  :defer t
  :general
  (general-def
    :keymaps 'project-prefix-map
    "R" #'+project/generate-tags)
  :config
  (defun +project/generate-tags ()
    (interactive)
    (let ((project (project-current)))
      (if (not project)
          (message "+project/generate-tags: Not in project.")
        (let ((tags-file (concat (project-root project) "TAGS"))
              (files (format "%s" (project-files project))))
          (set-process-sentinel
           (start-process-shell-command
            "PROJECT-GENERATE-TAGS"
            "*gen-tags*"
            (format "ctags -Re -f %s %s"
                    tags-file
                    (substring files 1 (- (length files) 1))))
           (lambda (p event)
             (when (string= event "finished\n")
               (visit-tags-table (concat (project-root (project-current)) "TAGS"))
               (message "Finished generating tags!")))))))))
#+end_src
** WAIT Projectile
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Projectile is a project management package which integrates with Emacs
very well.  It essentially provides alternative Emacs commands scoped
to the current 'project', based on differing signs that a directory is
a 'project'.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package projectile
  :hook (emacs-startup-hook . projectile-mode)
  :general
  (general-def
    :keymaps 'projectile-command-map
    "t" #'projectile-test-project
    "r" #'projectile-run-project
    "q" #'projectile-replace-regexp)
  (leader
    "p" '(projectile-command-map :which-key "Projectile"))
  :init
  (setq projectile-tags-command "ctags -Re -f \"%s\" %s \"%s\""
        projectile-enable-caching t))
#+end_src
*** Counsel projectile
Counsel integration for projectile commands, very nice.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel-projectile
  :after (projectile counsel)
  :config
  (counsel-projectile-mode +1))
#+end_src
** devdocs
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package devdocs
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (nmmap
    "K" #'devdocs-lookup))
#+end_src
* Org mode
2023-03-30: finally decided to give org mode its own section.

Org is, at its most basic, a markup language.  Files use the ".org"
extension and use =org-mode= to write text, with the ability to export
to a few formats, all within Emacs.  Some other features include:
+ A complete spreadsheet system, with formulas (including
  [[*Calculator][calc-mode]] integration)
+ Evaluation of code blocks, even using the results of them in exports
  (to, say, a $\LaTeX$ or HTML document)
  + This includes exporting code blocks to a code file.  All the
    emacs-lisp code blocks in this file are compiled to =config.el=
    ([[file:elisp/literate.el][literate]])
+ Complete calendar/todo system with deadlines, scheduling and
  repeaters
+ Export to a variety of formats or make your own export engine using
  the org AST!
+ Writing $\LaTeX$ inline, with the ability to render the fragments on
  demand
** Org Essentials
Org has a ton of settings to tweak, which change your experience quite
a bit.  Here are mine, but this took a lot of just reading other
people's configurations and testing.  I don't do a good job of
explaining how this works in all honesty, but it works well for me so
I'm not very bothered.

+ By default =~/Text= is my directory for text files.  I actually have
  a repository that manages this directory for agenda files and other
  documents
+ Indentation in file should not be allowed, i.e. text indentation, as
  that forces other editors to read it a certain way as well.  It's
  obtrusive hence it's off.
+ Org startup indented is on by default as most documents do benefit
  from the indentation, but I do turn it off for some files via
  ~#+startup:noindent~
+ When opening an org document there can be a lot of headings, so I
  set folding to just content
+ Org documents can also have a lot of latex previews, which make
  opening some after a while a massive hassle.  If I want to see the
  preview, I'll do it myself, so turn it off.
+ Org manages windowing itself, to some extent, so I set those options
  to be as unobtrusive as possible
+ Load languages I use in =src= blocks in org-mode (Emacs-lisp for
  this configuration, C and Python)

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq org-directory "~/Text"
        org-adapt-indentation nil
        org-indent-mode nil
        org-startup-indented t
        org-startup-folded 'content
        org-startup-with-latex-preview nil
        org-imenu-depth 10
        org-src-window-setup 'current-window
        org-indirect-buffer-display 'current-window
        org-link-frame-setup '((vm . vm-visit-folder-other-frame)
                               (vm-imap . vm-visit-imap-folder-other-frame)
                               (file . find-file))
        org-babel-load-languages '((emacs-lisp . t)
                                   (lisp . t)
                                   (shell . t))))
#+end_src
** Org Latex
Org mode has deep integration with latex, can export to PDF and even
display latex fragments in the document directly.  I setup the
pdf-process, code listing options via minted and the format options
for latex fragments.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq org-format-latex-options
        '(:foreground default :background default :scale 2
          :html-foreground "Black" :html-background "Transparent"
          :html-scale 1.0 :matchers ("begin" "$1" "$" "$$" "\\(" "\\["))
        org-latex-src-block-backend 'minted
        org-latex-minted-langs '((emacs-lisp "common-lisp")
                                 (ledger "text")
                                 (cc "c++")
                                 (cperl "perl")
                                 (shell-script "bash")
                                 (caml "ocaml"))
        org-latex-packages-alist '(("" "minted"))
        org-latex-pdf-process
        (list (concat "latexmk -f -bibtex -pdf "
                      "-shell-escape -%latex -interaction=nonstopmode "
                      "-output-directory=%o %f"))
        org-latex-minted-options
        '(("style" "colorful")
          ("linenos")
          ("frame" "single")
          ("mathescape")
          ("fontfamily" "courier")
          ("samepage" "false")
          ("breaklines" "true")
          ("breakanywhere" "true"))))
#+end_src
** Org Core Variables
Tons of variables for org-mode, including a ton of latex ones.  Can't
really explain because it sets up quite a lot of local stuff.  Also I
copy pasted the majority of this, tweaking it till it felt good.  Doom
Emacs was very helpful here.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq org-edit-src-content-indentation 0
        org-goto-interface 'outline
        org-imenu-depth 10
        org-export-backends '(ascii html latex odt icalendar)
        org-eldoc-breadcrumb-separator " → "
        org-enforce-todo-dependencies t
        org-fontify-quote-and-verse-blocks t
        org-fontify-whole-heading-line t
        org-footnote-auto-label t
        org-hide-leading-stars t
        org-hide-emphasis-markers nil
        org-image-actual-width nil
        org-priority-faces '((?A . error) (?B . warning) (?C . success))
        org-link-descriptive nil
        org-tags-column 0
        org-todo-keywords
        '((sequence "TODO" "WIP" "DONE")
          (sequence "PROJ" "WAIT" "COMPLETE"))
        org-use-sub-superscripts '{}))
#+end_src
** Org Core Functionality
Hooks, prettify-symbols and records for auto insertion.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :defer t
  :hook
  (org-mode-hook . prettify-symbols-mode)
  :display
  ("\\*Org Src.*"
   (display-buffer-same-window))
  :auto-insert
  (("\\.org\\'" . "Org skeleton")
   "Enter title: "
   "#+title: " str | (buffer-file-name) "\n"
   "#+author: " (read-string "Enter author: ") | user-full-name "\n"
   "#+description: " (read-string "Enter description: ") | "Description" "\n"
   "#+date: " (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d" (current-time)) "\n"
   "* " _))
#+end_src
** Org Core Bindings
Some bindings for org mode.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :defer t
  :general
  (file-leader
    "l" #'org-store-link
    "i" #'org-insert-last-stored-link)
  (code-leader
    :keymaps 'emacs-lisp-mode-map
    "D" #'org-babel-detangle)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    "l" '(nil :which-key "Links")
    "'" '(nil :which-key "Tables")
    "c" '(nil :which-key "Clocks")
    "r" #'org-refile
    "d" #'org-date-from-calendar
    "t" #'org-todo
    "," #'org-priority
    "T" #'org-babel-tangle
    "i" #'org-insert-structure-template
    "p" #'org-latex-preview
    "s" #'org-property-action
    "e" #'org-export-dispatch
    "o" #'org-edit-special)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    :infix "l"
    "i" #'org-insert-link
    "l" #'org-open-at-point
    "f" #'org-footnote-action)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    :infix "'"
    "a" #'org-table-align
    "c" #'org-table-create
    "f" #'org-table-edit-formulas
    "t" #'org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays
    "s" #'org-table-sum
    "e" #'org-table-calc-current-TBLFM
    "E" #'org-table-eval-formula))
#+end_src
** Searching org files
The default ~imenu~ support for Org-mode is god-awful.  ~Imenu~ for
org-mode should show me a list of headings and provide a
completing-read interface to search them.

[[*Counsel][Counsel]] has me covered for this as I can just provide it
a regex as an initial prompt to narrow the candidates down to just the
headings then let the user go from there.  I use ~swiper~ when
considering just the local file (a la ~imenu~) and ~counsel-rg~ to
search multiple org-files.

The cherry on top is ~+org/search-config-headings~ which searches the
org files in ~user-emacs-directory~ and provides the headings for
them.  This allows me to search my configuration pretty quickly.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package counsel
  :defer t
  :commands (+org/swiper-goto
             +org/search-headings
             +org/search-config-headings)
  :general
  (file-leader
    "p" #'+org/search-config-headings)
  (search-leader
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    "I" #'+org/search-headings)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    [remap imenu] #'+org/swiper-goto)
  :config
  (defun +org/swiper-goto ()
    (interactive)
    (counsel-grep-or-swiper "^\\* "))

  (defun +org/search-headings ()
    "Searches directory (of buffer) for org headings via counsel-rg"
    (interactive)
    (counsel-rg "^\\* " (file-name-directory (buffer-file-name))))

  (defun +org/search-config-headings ()
    "Searches config.org for org headings via +org/swiper-goto"
    (interactive)
    (counsel-rg "^\\* " (file-name-directory user-emacs-directory) "--max-depth=1")))
#+end_src
** Org Agenda
Org agenda provides a nice viewing for schedules.  With org mode it's
a very tidy way to manage your time.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-agenda
  :defer t
  :init
  (defconst +org/agenda-root "~/Text"
    "Root directory for all agenda files")
  (setq org-agenda-files (list (expand-file-name +org/agenda-root))
        org-agenda-window-setup 'current-window
        org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled t
        org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done t
        org-agenda-skip-deadline-if-done t
        org-agenda-start-with-entry-text-mode nil)
  :config
  (evil-set-initial-state 'org-agenda-mode 'normal)
  :general
  (file-leader
    "a" `(,(proc (interactive)
                 (find-file (completing-read "Enter directory: " org-agenda-files nil t)))
          :which-key "Open agenda directory"))
  (app-leader
    "a" #'org-agenda)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'org-agenda-mode-map
    "zd" #'org-agenda-day-view
    "zw" #'org-agenda-week-view
    "zm" #'org-agenda-month-view
    "gd" #'org-agenda-goto-date
    "RET" #'org-agenda-switch-to
    "J" #'org-agenda-later
    "K" #'org-agenda-earlier
    "t" #'org-agenda-todo
    "." #'org-agenda-goto-today
    "," #'org-agenda-goto-date
    "q" #'org-agenda-quit
    "r" #'org-agenda-redo))
#+end_src
** Org capture
2024-04-24: I actually need to clean this up, in particular explain
what org-capture does.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-capture
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq
   org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/todo.org")
   org-capture-templates
   '(("t" "Todo" entry
      (file "")
      "* TODO %?
%T
%a")))
  :general
  (leader
    "C" #'org-capture)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'org-capture-mode-map
    "ZZ" #'org-capture-finalize
    "ZR" #'org-capture-refile
    "ZQ" #'org-capture-kill))
#+end_src
** Org clock-in
Org provides a nice timekeeping system that allows for managing how
much time is taken per task.  It even has an extensive reporting
system to see how much time you spend on specific tasks or overall.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-clock
  :after org
  :init
  (defvar +org/clock-out-toggle-report nil
    "Non-nil means update the first clock report in the file every
time a clock out occurs.")
  :config
  (advice-add #'org-clock-out
              :after
              (proc (interactive)
                    (if +org/clock-out-toggle-report
                        (org-clock-report t))))
  :general
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    :infix "c"
    "d" #'org-clock-display
    "c" #'org-clock-in
    "o" #'org-clock-out
    "r" #'org-clock-report
    "t" (proc (interactive)
              (setq-local +org/clock-out-toggle-report
                          (not +org/clock-out-toggle-report)))))
#+end_src
** Org compile to PDF on save
If ~+org/compile-to-pdf-on-save-p~ is non-nil, then compile to
\(\LaTeX\) and run an async process to compile it to a PDF.  Doesn't
make Emacs hang (like ~org-latex-export-to-pdf~) and doesn't randomly
crash (like the async handler for org-export).  Works really well with
~pdf-view-mode~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :defer t
  :init
  (defvar +org/compile-to-pdf-on-save-p
    nil
    "Non-nil to activate compile functionality.")
  :general
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    "C" (proc (interactive)
              (if (+org/compile-to-pdf-on-save-f)
                  (setq-local +org/compile-to-pdf-on-save-p nil)
                (setq-local +org/compile-to-pdf-on-save-p t))))
  :config
  (+oreo/create-auto-save
   (and (eq major-mode 'org-mode) +org/compile-to-pdf-on-save-p)
   (start-process-shell-command "" "*pdflatex*" (concat "pdflatex -shell-escape "
                                                        (org-latex-export-to-latex)))))
#+end_src
** WAIT Org ref
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
For bibliographic stuff in $\LaTeX$ export.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-ref
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq bibtex-files '("~/Text/bibliography.bib")
        bibtex-completion-bibliography '("~/Text/bibliography.bib")
        bibtex-completion-additional-search-fields '(keywords)))
#+end_src
*** Org ref ivy integration
Org ref requires ivy-bibtex to work properly with ivy, so we need to
set that up as well
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ivy-bibtex
  :straight t
  :after org-ref
  :config
  (require 'org-ref-ivy))
#+end_src
** Org message
Org message allows for the use of org mode when composing mails,
generating HTML multipart emails.  This integrates the WYSIWYG
experience with mail in Emacs while also providing powerful text
features with basically no learning curve (as long as you've already
learnt the basics of org).

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-msg
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook
  (message-mode-hook . org-msg-mode)
  (notmuch-message-mode-hook . org-msg-mode)
  :config
  (setq org-msg-options "html-postamble:nil H:5 num:nil ^:{} toc:nil author:nil email:nil \\n:t tex:dvipng"
        org-msg-greeting-name-limit 3)

  (add-to-list 'org-msg-enforce-css
               '(img latex-fragment-inline
                     ((transform . ,(format "translateY(-1px) scale(%.3f)"
                                            (/ 1.0 (if (boundp 'preview-scale)
                                                       preview-scale 1.4))))
                      (margin . "0 -0.35em")))))
#+end_src
** Org for evil
Evil org for some nice bindings.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package evil-org
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook (org-mode-hook . evil-org-mode)
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps 'org-mode-map
    "TAB" #'org-cycle))
#+end_src
** Org reveal
Org reveal allows one to export org files as HTML presentations via
reveal.js.  Pretty nifty and it's easy to use.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ox-reveal
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq org-reveal-root "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js"
        org-reveal-theme "sky"))
#+end_src
** Org superstar
Org superstar adds unicode symbols for headers, much better than the
default asterisks.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-superstar
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook (org-mode-hook . org-superstar-mode))
#+end_src
** Org bookmark
I maintain a bookmarks file at =~/Text/bookmarks.org=.  I would like
the ability to construct new bookmarks and open bookmarks.  They may
be either articles I want to read, useful information documents or
just straight up youtube videos.  So I wrote a
[[file:elisp/org-bookmark.el][library]] myself which does the
appropriate dispatching and work for me.  Pretty sweet!

Also I define a template for org-capture here for bookmarks and add it
to the list ~org-capture-templates~.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org-bookmark
  :defer t
  :load-path "elisp/"
  :general
  (file-leader
    "b" #'+bookmark/open-bookmark)
  :init
  (with-eval-after-load "org-capture"
    (add-to-list
     'org-capture-templates
     '("b" "Bookmark" entry
       (file "bookmarks.org")
       "* %? :bookmark:
%T
%^{url|%x}p
"
       ))))
#+end_src
* Languages
For a variety of (programming) languages Emacs comes with default
modes but this configures them as well as pulls any modes Emacs
doesn't come with.
** Makefile
Defines an auto-insert for Makefiles.  Assumes C but it's very easy to
change it for C++.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package make-mode
  :defer t
  :auto-insert
  (("[mM]akefile\\'" . "Makefile skeleton")
   ""
	 "CC=gcc
OUT=main.out
LIBS=
ARGS=

GFLAGS=-Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wswitch-enum -std=c11
DFLAGS=-ggdb -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined
DEPFLAGS=-MT $@ -MMD -MP -MF
RFLAGS=-O3
ifdef RELEASE
CFLAGS=$(GFLAGS) $(RFLAGS)
else
CFLAGS=$(GFLAGS) $(DFLAGS)
endif

SRC=src
DIST=build
CODE=$(addprefix $(SRC)/, ) # add source files here
OBJECTS=$(CODE:$(SRC)/%.c=$(DIST)/%.o)
DEPDIR:=$(DIST)/dependencies
DEPS:=$(CODE:$(SRC)/%.c=$(DEPDIR):%.d) $(DEPDIR)/main.d

TERM_YELLOW:=$(shell echo -e \"\\e[0;33m\")
TERM_GREEN:=$(shell echo -e \"\\e[0;32m\")
TERM_RESET:=$(shell echo -e \"\\e[0;0m\")

.PHONY: all
all: $(OUT)

$(OUT): $(DIST)/$(OUT)

$(DIST)/$(OUT): $(OBJECTS) $(DIST)/main.o | $(DIST)
	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS)
	@echo \"$(TERM_GREEN)$@$(TERM_RESET): $^\"

$(DIST)/%.o: $(SRC)/%.c | $(DIST) $(DEPDIR)
	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(DEPFLAGS) $(DEPDIR)/$*.d -c $< -o $@ $(LIBS)
	@echo \"$(TERM_YELLOW)$@$(TERM_RESET): $<\"

.PHONY: run
run: $(DIST)/$(OUT)
	./$^ $(ARGS)

.PHONY:
clean:
	@rm -rfv $(DIST)/*

$(DIST):
	@mkdir -p $(DIST)

$(DEPDIR):
	@mkdir -p $(DEPDIR)

-include $(DEPS)
"
   _))
#+end_src
** PDF
I use PDFs mostly for reading reports or papers.  Though Emacs isn't
my preferred application for viewing PDFs (I highly recommend
[[https://pwmt.org/projects/zathura/][Zathura]]), similar to most
things with Emacs, having a PDF viewer builtin can be a very useful
asset.

For example if I were editing an org document which I was eventually
compiling into a PDF, my workflow would be much smoother with a PDF
viewer within Emacs that I can open on another pane.
*** WAIT PDF tools
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
~pdf-tools~ provides the necessary functionality for viewing PDFs.
There is no proper PDF viewing without this package.
~evil-collection~ provides a setup for this mode, so use that.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package pdf-tools
  :mode ("\\.[pP][dD][fF]\\'" . pdf-view-mode)
  :straight t
  :display
  ("^.*pdf$"
   (display-buffer-same-window)
   (inhibit-duplicate-buffer . t))
  :config
  (pdf-tools-install-noverify)
  (with-eval-after-load "evil-collection"
    (evil-collection-pdf-setup)))
#+end_src
*** WAIT PDF grep
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
PDF grep is a Linux tool that allows for searches against the text
inside of PDFs similar to standard grep.  This cannot be performed by
standard grep due to how PDFs are encoded; they are not a clear text
format.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package pdfgrep
  :after pdf-tools
  :hook (pdf-view-mode-hook . pdfgrep-mode)
  :general
  (nmap
    :keymaps 'pdf-view-mode-map
    "M-g"    #'pdfgrep))
#+end_src
** WAIT SQL
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
The default SQL package provides support for connecting to common
database types (sqlite, mysql, etc) for auto completion and query
execution.  I don't use SQL currently but whenever I need it it's
there.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package sql
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq sql-display-sqli-buffer-function nil))
#+end_src
** WAIT Ada
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Check out [[file:elisp/ada-mode.el][ada-mode]], my custom ~ada-mode~
that replaces the default one.  This mode just colourises stuff, and
uses eglot and a language server to do the hard work.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ada-mode
  :load-path "elisp/"
  :defer t
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "eglot"
    (add-hook 'ada-mode-hook #'eglot)))
#+end_src
** NHexl
Hexl-mode is the inbuilt package within Emacs to edit hex and binary
format buffers.  There are a few problems with hexl-mode though,
including an annoying prompt on /revert-buffer/.

Thus, nhexl-mode!  It comes with a few other improvements. Check out
the [[https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/nhexl-mode.html][page]] yourself.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package nhexl-mode
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :mode ("\\.bin" "\\.out"))
#+end_src
** C/C++
Setup for C and C++ modes, using Emacs' default package: cc-mode.
*** cc-mode
Tons of stuff, namely:
+ ~auto-fill-mode~ for 80 char limit
+ Some keybindings to make evil statement movement easy
+ Lots of pretty symbols
+ Indenting options and a nice (for me) code style for C
+ Auto inserts to get a C file going
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package cc-mode
  :defer t
  :hook
  (c-mode-hook   . auto-fill-mode)
  (c++-mode-hook . auto-fill-mode)
  :general
  (:keymaps '(c-mode-map c++-mode-map)
   :states '(normal motion visual)
   "(" #'c-beginning-of-statement
   ")" #'c-end-of-statement)
  :init
  (setq-default c-basic-offset 2)
  (setq-default c-auto-newline nil)
  (setq-default c-default-style '((other . "user")))
  (defun +cc/copyright-notice ()
    (let* ((lines (split-string (+license/copyright-notice) "\n"))
           (copyright-line (car lines))
           (rest (cdr lines)))
      (concat
       "* "
       copyright-line
       "\n"
       (mapconcat
        #'(lambda (x)
            (if (string= x "")
                ""
              (concat " * " x)))
        rest
        "\n"))))
  :auto-insert
  (("\\.c\\'" . "C skeleton")
   ""
   "/" (+cc/copyright-notice) "\n\n"
   " * Created: " (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d") "\n"
   " * Author: " user-full-name "\n"
   " * Description: " _ "\n"
   " */\n"
   "\n")
  (("\\.cpp\\'" "C++ skeleton")
   ""
   "/" (+cc/copyright-notice) "\n\n"
   " * Created: " (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d") "\n"
   " * Author: " user-full-name "\n"
   " * Description: " _ "\n"
   " */\n"
   "\n")
  (("\\.\\([Hh]\\|hh\\|hpp\\|hxx\\|h\\+\\+\\)\\'" . "C / C++ header")
   (replace-regexp-in-string "[^A-Z0-9]" "_"
                             (string-replace "+" "P"
                                             (upcase
                                              (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))
   "/" (+cc/copyright-notice) "\n\n"
   " * Created: " (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d") "\n"
   " * Author: " user-full-name "\n"
   " * Description: " _ "\n"
   " */\n\n"
   "#ifndef " str n "#define " str "\n\n" "\n\n#endif")
  :config
  (c-add-style
   "user"
   '((c-basic-offset . 2)
     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
     (c-hanging-braces-alist (brace-list-open)
                             (brace-entry-open)
                             (substatement-open after)
                             (block-close . c-snug-do-while)
                             (arglist-cont-nonempty))
     (c-cleanup-list brace-else-brace)
     (c-offsets-alist
      (statement-block-intro . +)
      (substatement-open . 0)
      (access-label . -)
      (inline-open  . 0)
      (label . 0)
      (statement-cont . +)))))
#+end_src
*** Clang format
Clang format comes inbuilt with clang, so download that before using
this.  Formats C/C++ files depending on a format (checkout the Clang
format [[file:~/Dotfiles/ClangFormat/.clang-format][config file]] in
my dotfiles).

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package clang-format
  :load-path "/usr/share/clang/"
  :defer t
  :after cc-mode
  :commands (+code/clang-format-region-or-buffer
             clang-format-mode)
  :general
  (code-leader
    :keymaps '(c-mode-map c++-mode-map)
    "f" #'+code/clang-format-region-or-buffer)
  :config
  (define-minor-mode clang-format-mode
    "On save formats the current buffer via clang-format."
    :lighter nil
    (let ((save-func (proc (interactive)
                           (clang-format-buffer))))
      (if clang-format-mode
          (add-hook 'after-save-hook save-func nil t)
        (remove-hook 'after-save-hook save-func t))))
  (defun +code/clang-format-region-or-buffer ()
    (interactive)
    (if (mark)
        (clang-format-region (region-beginning) (region-end))
      (clang-format-buffer))))
#+end_src
*** cc org babel
To ensure org-babel executes language blocks of C/C++, I need to load
it as an option in ~org-babel-load-languages~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package org
  :after cc-mode
  :init
  (org-babel-do-load-languages
   'org-babel-load-languages
   '((C . t))))
#+end_src
** WAIT D
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
D is a systems level programming language with C-style syntax.  I
think it has some interesting ideas such as a toggleable garbage
collector.  Here I just install the D-mode package, enable ~org-babel~
execution of d-mode blocks and alias ~D-mode~ with ~d-mode~.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package d-mode
  :defer t
  :straight t
  :config
  (fset 'D-mode 'd-mode)
  (with-eval-after-load "org-mode"
    (setf (alist-get 'd org-babel-load-languages) t)))
#+end_src
** Rust
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package rust-mode
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :general
  (code-leader
    :keymaps 'rust-mode-map
    "f" #'rust-format-buffer)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'rust-mode-map
    "c" #'rust-run-clippy)
  :init
  (setq rust-format-on-save t)
  (with-eval-after-load "eglot"
    (add-to-list 'eglot-server-programs '(rust-mode "rust-analyzer"))))
#+end_src
** WAIT Racket
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
A scheme with lots of stuff inside it.  Using it for a language design
book so it's useful to have some Emacs binds for it.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package racket-mode
  :straight t
  :hook (racket-mode-hook . racket-xp-mode)
  :display
  ("\\*Racket.*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :init
  (setq racket-documentation-search-location 'local)
  :general
  (nmap
    :keymaps 'racket-describe-mode-map
    "q" #'quit-window)
  (nmap
    :keymaps 'racket-mode-map
    "gr" #'racket-eval-last-sexp)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps '(racket-mode-map racket-repl-mode-map)
    "d" #'racket-repl-describe)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'racket-mode-map
    "r" #'racket-run
    "i" #'racket-repl
    "e" #'racket-send-definition
    "sr" #'racket-send-region
    "sd" #'racket-send-definition))
#+end_src
** WAIT CSharp
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
Haven't used C# in a while, but Emacs is alright for it with
omnisharp.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package csharp-mode
  :defer t)
#+end_src
** WAIT Java
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
I kinda dislike Java, but if necessary I will code in it.  Just setup
a style and some pretty symbols.  You can use LSP to get cooler
features to be fair.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package ob-java
  :defer t
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "cc-mode"
    (c-add-style
     "java"
     '((c-basic-offset . 4)
       (c-comment-only-line-offset 0 . 0)
       (c-offsets-alist
        (inline-open . 0)
        (topmost-intro-cont . +)
        (statement-block-intro . +)
        (knr-argdecl-intro . 5)
        (substatement-open . 0)
        (substatement-label . +)
        (label . +)
        (statement-case-open . +)
        (statement-cont . +)
        (arglist-intro . c-lineup-arglist-intro-after-paren)
        (arglist-close . c-lineup-arglist)
        (brace-list-intro first c-lineup-2nd-brace-entry-in-arglist c-lineup-class-decl-init-+ +)
        (access-label . 0)
        (inher-cont . c-lineup-java-inher)
        (func-decl-cont . c-lineup-java-throws))))
    (add-to-list 'c-default-style '(java-mode . "java")))

  (with-eval-after-load "abbrev"
    (define-abbrev-table 'java-mode-abbrev-table nil)
    (add-hook 'java-mode-hook
              (proc (setq-local local-abbrev-table java-mode-abbrev-table)))))
#+end_src
** Haskell
Haskell is a static lazy functional programming language (what a
mouthful).  It's quite a beautiful language and really learning it will
change the way you think about programming.  However, my preferred
functional language is still unfortunately Lisp so no extra brownie
points there.

Here I configure the REPL for Haskell via the
~haskell-interactive-mode~.  I also load my custom package
[[file:elisp/haskell-multiedit.el][haskell-multiedit]] which allows a
user to create temporary ~haskell-mode~ buffers that, upon completion,
will run in the REPL.  Even easier than making your own buffer.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package haskell-mode
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :hook
  (haskell-mode-hook . haskell-indentation-mode)
  (haskell-mode-hook . interactive-haskell-mode)
  :custom
  (haskell-interactive-prompt "[λ] ")
  (haskell-interactive-prompt-cont "{λ} ")
  (haskell-interactive-popup-errors nil)
  (haskell-stylish-on-save nil)
  (haskell-process-type 'auto)
  :general
  (shell-leader
    "h" #'haskell-interactive-bring)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'haskell-mode-map
    "l" #'haskell-process-load-or-reload
    "t" #'haskell-process-do-type)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'haskell-interactive-mode-map
    "c" #'haskell-interactive-mode-clear)
  (imap
    :keymaps 'haskell-interactive-mode-map
    "M-k" #'haskell-interactive-mode-history-previous
    "M-j" #'haskell-interactive-mode-history-next)
  :display
  ("\\*haskell.**\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :config
  (load (concat user-emacs-directory "elisp/haskell-multiedit.el")))
#+end_src
** Python
Works well for python.  If you have ~pyls~ it should be on your path, so
just run eglot if you need.  But an LSP server is not necessary for a
lot of my time in python.  Here I also setup org-babel for python
source code blocks.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package python
  :defer t
  :pretty
  (python-mode-hook
   ("None"   . "Ø")
   ("list"   . "ℓ")
   ("List"   . "ℓ")
   ("str"    . "𝕊")
   ("True"   . "⊨")
   ("False"  . "⊭")
   ("!"      . "¬")
   ("&&"     . "∧")
   ("||"     . "∨")
   ("for"    . "∀")
   ("print"  . "φ")
   ("lambda" . "λ")
   ("return" . "⟼")
   ("yield"  . "⟻"))
  :init
  (setq python-indent-offset 4)
  :config
  (with-eval-after-load "org-mode"
    (setf (alist-get 'python org-babel-load-languages) t)))
#+end_src
*** Python shell
Setup for python shell, including a toggle option
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package python
  :defer t
  :commands +python/toggle-repl
  :general
  (shell-leader
    "p" #'run-python)
  :display
  ("\\*Python\\*"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25)))
#+end_src
** YAML
YAML is a data language which is useful for config files.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package yaml-mode
  :straight t)
#+end_src
** HTML/CSS/JS
Firstly, web mode for consistent colouring of syntax.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package web-mode
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :mode ("\\.html" . web-mode)
  :mode ("\\.js"   . web-mode)
  :mode ("\\.css"  . web-mode)
  :custom
  ((web-mode-code-indent-offset 2)
   (web-mode-markup-indent-offset 2)
   (web-mode-css-indent-offset 2)))
#+end_src
*** Emmet
Emmet for super speed code writing.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package emmet-mode
  :straight t
  :hook (web-mode-hook . emmet-mode)
  :general
  (imap
    :keymaps 'emmet-mode-keymap
    "TAB" #'emmet-expand-line
    "M-j" #'emmet-next-edit-point
    "M-k" #'emmet-prev-edit-point))
#+end_src
*** HTML Auto insert
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package web-mode
  :defer t
  :auto-insert
  (("\\.html\\'" . "HTML Skeleton")
   ""
   "<!doctype html>
<html lang=''>
  <head>
    <meta charset='utf-8'>
    <meta http-equiv='x-ua-compatible' content='ie=edge'>
    <title>"(read-string "Enter title: ") | """</title>
    <meta name='description' content='" (read-string "Enter description: ") | "" "'>
    <meta name='author' content='"user-full-name"'/>
    <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1'>

    <link rel='apple-touch-icon' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>
    <link rel='shortcut icon' href='/favicon.ico'/>
    <!-- Place favicon.ico in the root directory -->

  </head>
  <body>
    <!--[if lt IE 8]>
      <p class='browserupgrade'>
      You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please
      <a href='http://browsehappy.com/'>upgrade your browser</a> to improve
      your experience.
      </p>
    <![endif]-->
"
   _
   "     </body>
</html>"))
#+end_src
*** WAIT Typescript
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
A child language of javascript which compiles to it.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package typescript-mode
  :straight t
  :defer t
  :init
  (setq typescript-indent-level 2))
#+end_src
** Common Lisp
Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp, the most /common/ one around.  Emacs
comes with builtin Lisp support, of course, and it's really good in
comparison to literally everything else.  However, I wish it had a
better REPL...
*** Sly
Enter /SLY/.  Sly is a fork of /SLIME/ and is *mandatory* for lisp
development on Emacs.

Here I just setup Sly to use ~sbcl~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package sly
  :defer t
  :straight t
  :init
  (setq inferior-lisp-program "sbcl"
        sly-lisp-loop-body-forms-indentation 0)
  :display
  ("\\*sly-db"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.5))
  ("\\*sly-"
   (display-buffer-at-bottom)
   (window-height . 0.25))
  :config
  (evil-set-initial-state 'sly-db-mode 'emacs)
  (with-eval-after-load "org"
    (setq-default org-babel-lisp-eval-fn #'sly-eval))
  (with-eval-after-load "company"
    (add-hook 'sly-mrepl-hook #'company-mode))
  :general
  (shell-leader
    "s" #'sly-mrepl)
  (nmap
    :keymaps '(lisp-mode-map sly-mrepl-mode-map)
    "gr" #'sly-eval-buffer
    "gd" #'sly-edit-definition
    "gR" #'sly-who-calls)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps '(lisp-mode-map sly-mrepl-mode-map)
    "s" #'sly-mrepl
    "c" #'sly-compile-file
    "a" #'sly-apropos
    "d" #'sly-describe-symbol
    "D" #'sly-documentation-lookup
    "S" #'sly-mrepl-sync
    "E" #'sly-eval-defun)
  (local-leader
    :keymaps 'lisp-mode-map
    :infix "e"
    "b" #'sly-eval-buffer
    "e" #'sly-eval-last-expression
    "f" #'sly-eval-defun
    "r" #'sly-eval-region)
  (nmap
    :keymaps 'sly-inspector-mode-map
    "q" #'sly-inspector-quit))
#+end_src
*** Emacs lisp
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package elisp-mode
  :defer t
  :pretty
  (lisp-mode-hook
   ("lambda" . "λ")
   ("t"      . "⊨")
   ("nil"    . "Ø")
   ("and"    . "∧")
   ("or"     . "∨")
   ("<="     . "≤")
   (">="     . "≥")
   ("defun"  . "ƒ")
   ("loop"   . "Σ")
   ("some"   . "∃")
   ("every"  . "∀")
   ("mapcar" . "→")
   ("loop"   . "⇒"))
  (emacs-lisp-mode-hook
   ("lambda" . "λ")
   ("t"      . "⊨")
   ("nil"    . "Ø")
   ("and"    . "∧")
   ("or"     . "∨")
   ("defun"  . "ƒ")
   ("mapcar" . "→"))
  :general
  (:states '(normal motion visual)
   :keymaps '(emacs-lisp-mode-map lisp-mode-map)
   ")" #'sp-next-sexp
   "(" #'sp-previous-sexp)
  (nmmap
    :keymaps '(emacs-lisp-mode-map lisp-interaction-mode-map)
    "gr" #'eval-last-sexp)
  (vmap
    :keymaps '(emacs-lisp-mode-map lisp-interaction-mode-map)
    "gr" #'eval-region))
#+end_src
*** WIP Hydra like Lispy
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no
:END:
A [[*Hydra][Hydra]] which uses the ~Lispy~ package (by
abo-abo) to create a set of motions that allow movement around a lisp
file easily.

2024-04-18: Still working on this, quite rough around the edges.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package lispy
  :after (lisp-mode elisp-mode)
  :hydra
  (hydra-lispy
   nil "Move around quickly in Lisp"
   ("h" #'lispy-left)
   ("j" ("t" #'lispy-teleport)
    #'lispy-down)
   ("k" #'lispy-up)
   ("l" #'lispy-right)
   ("d" #'lispy-different)
   ("u" #'lispy-flow)
   ("o" #'lispy-oneline)
   ("m" #'lispy-multiline)
   ("N" #'lispy-narrow)
   ("W" #'lispy-widen)
   ("c" #'lispy-clone)
   ("fp" #'lispy-ace-paren)
   ("fs" #'lispy-ace-symbol :exit t)
   ("H" #'lispy-slurp)
   ("L" #'lispy-barf)
   ("M-h" #'lispy-move-left)
   ("M-j" #'lispy-move-down)
   ("M-k" #'lispy-move-up)
   ("M-l" #'lispy-move-right)
   ("C-g" nil))
  :general
  (nmmap
    :keymaps '(emacs-lisp-mode-map lisp-mode-map)
    "." #'hydra-lispy/body))
#+end_src
*** Lisp indent function
Add a new lisp indent function which indents newline lists more
appropriately.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(use-package lisp-mode
  :defer t
  :config
  (defun +oreo/lisp-indent-function (indent-point state)
    (let ((normal-indent (current-column))
          (orig-point (point)))
      (goto-char (1+ (elt state 1)))
      (parse-partial-sexp (point) calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp 0 t)
      (cond
       ;; car of form doesn't seem to be a symbol, or is a keyword
       ((and (elt state 2)
           (or (not (looking-at "\\sw\\|\\s_"))
              (looking-at ":")))
        (if (not (> (save-excursion (forward-line 1) (point))
                    calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp))
            (progn (goto-char calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp)
                   (beginning-of-line)
                   (parse-partial-sexp (point)
                                       calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp 0 t)))
        ;; Indent under the list or under the first sexp on the same
        ;; line as calculate-lisp-indent-last-sexp.  Note that first
        ;; thing on that line has to be complete sexp since we are
        ;; inside the innermost containing sexp.
        (backward-prefix-chars)
        (current-column))
       ((and (save-excursion
             (goto-char indent-point)
             (skip-syntax-forward " ")
             (not (looking-at ":")))
           (save-excursion
             (goto-char orig-point)
             (looking-at ":")))
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char (+ 2 (elt state 1)))
          (current-column)))
       (t
        (let ((function (buffer-substring (point)
                                          (progn (forward-sexp 1) (point))))
              method)
          (setq method (or (function-get (intern-soft function)
                                        'lisp-indent-function)
                          (get (intern-soft function) 'lisp-indent-hook)))
          (cond ((or (eq method 'defun)
                    (and (null method)
                       (> (length function) 3)
                       (string-match "\\`def" function)))
                 (lisp-indent-defform state indent-point))
                ((integerp method)
                 (lisp-indent-specform method state
                                       indent-point normal-indent))
                (method
                 (funcall method indent-point state))))))))
  (setq-default lisp-indent-function #'+oreo/lisp-indent-function))
#+end_src