From 7a6a61ccb9a9d8dadb343caa6def80f8b5d1a77a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aryadev Chavali <aryadev@aryadevchavali.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2023 10:31:41 +0100
Subject: (2022>puzzle-5)+solution for puzzle-5

Wow, quite involved and definitely cleanable but goddamn so much fun.
---
 2022/puzzle-5.lisp | 148 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 148 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 2022/puzzle-5.lisp

diff --git a/2022/puzzle-5.lisp b/2022/puzzle-5.lisp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09be798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2022/puzzle-5.lisp
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+(defvar input (uiop:read-file-string "2022/5-input"))
+
+;; When we get two newlines, it means the end of the initial state and
+;; the start of instructions
+(defvar parse-separator (search (format nil "~%~%") input))
+(defvar initial-state
+  (with-input-from-string (s (subseq input 0 parse-separator))
+    (loop
+      for line = (read-line s nil)
+      until (null line)
+      collect line)))
+
+;; the last number, indicating the number of stacks
+(defparameter n-stacks (let ((str (car (last initial-state))))
+                         (parse-integer (subseq str (- (length str) 1)))))
+
+(defun default-state ()
+  (loop for i from 1 to n-stacks
+        collect nil))
+
+(defvar state
+  (default-state))
+
+#|
+conjecture: the nth stack, if it has an entry, has '[' beginning at index 4n;
+
+base case: the 0th stack must begin at index 0 (if at all)
+
+intuition: next stack must start at 0 + 2 (for the stack info) +
+1 (for whitespace) + 1 so 4.
+
+inductive hypothesis: for the kth stack [ begins at 4k
+
+proof of induction claim: from 4k we have the following:
+4k+1: symbol
+4k+2: ]
+4k+3: whitespace
+4k+4: data for the (k+1 stack)
+
+Immediately 4k+4 = 4(k+1) so by principle of induction we have the
+conjecture.  QED.
+
+This gives us all the information we need to make a parser: check
+every position and see if it has a [ char.  If so then parse the data
+and insert into the index/4th stack!|#
+
+(defun parse-initial-state ()
+  (loop
+    ;; don't want to parse the last line
+    for j in (remove (car (last initial-state)) initial-state)
+    do
+       (loop
+         for i from 0
+         for c across j
+         do
+            (if (char= c #\[)
+                (let ((ind (/ i 4))
+                      (sym (subseq j (+ i 1) (+ i 2))))
+                  (setf (nth ind state) (append (nth ind state) (list sym))))))))
+
+
+;; Now we have the initial memory layout, we need to parse program code.
+
+;; + 2 because two newlines
+(defvar instructions-str (subseq input (+ 2 parse-separator)))
+
+#| Each command is of the following: move ~n from ~a to ~b.
+
+~n is some natural number of crates, ~a is the stack from which we
+are taking them and ~b is the stack we are adding them to.  Let's
+define this operation first!  |#
+
+(defun move-crates (n a b)
+  "Take N number of crates from stack at position A to stack at position B"
+  (let ((stack-a (nth a state))
+        (stack-b (nth b state)))
+    (if (= n 0)
+        nil
+        (progn
+          ;; Pop the first element off the stack
+          (setf (nth a state) (cdr stack-a))
+          ;; Then cons that onto b
+          (setf (nth b state) (cons (car stack-a) stack-b))
+          ;; Recur
+          (move-crates (- n 1) a b)))))
+
+(defun parse-instruction-str (instruction)
+  "Given INSTRUCTION of form \"move n from a to b\", return (n (a - 1) (b - 1))"
+  (let ((first (search "move " instruction))
+        (second (search "from " instruction))
+        (third (search "to " instruction)))
+    (list
+     (parse-integer (subseq instruction (+ 5 first) (- second 1)))
+     ;; Input assumes crates start at 1, but we need it to start at 0
+     (- (parse-integer (subseq instruction (+ 5 second) (- third 1))) 1)
+     (- (parse-integer (subseq instruction (+ 3 third))) 1))))
+
+(defun perform-instructions (instructions)
+  (with-input-from-string (s instructions)
+    (loop
+      for line = (read-line s nil)
+      until (null line)
+      collect
+      ;; Parse each instruction then move the crates!
+      (destructuring-bind (n a b) (parse-instruction-str line)
+        (move-crates n a b)))))
+
+(defun first-round ()
+  (setq state (default-state))
+  (parse-initial-state)
+  (perform-instructions instructions-str)
+  (let ((ret (mapcar #'car state)))
+    (setq state (default-state))
+    (reduce (lambda (s1 s2) (concatenate 'string s1 s2)) ret)))
+
+;; Round 2 is pretty simple: the move-crates algorithm is overhauled
+;; to keep movements "in-order".  Thankfully I already implemented
+;; this by accident when implementing move-crates, so easy!
+
+(defun move-crates-2 (n a b)
+  (let ((stack-a (nth a state))
+        (stack-b (nth b state)))
+    (setf (nth b state)
+          (append (loop for i from 1 to n
+                        for j in stack-a
+                        collect j)
+                  stack-b))
+    (dotimes (i n)
+      (setf stack-a (cdr stack-a)))
+    (setf (nth a state) stack-a)))
+
+(defun perform-instructions-2 (instructions)
+  (with-input-from-string (s instructions)
+    (loop
+      for line = (read-line s nil)
+      until (null line)
+      collect
+      ;; Parse each instruction then move the crates!
+      (destructuring-bind (n a b) (parse-instruction-str line)
+        (move-crates-2 n a b)))))
+
+(defun second-round ()
+  (setq state (default-state))
+  (parse-initial-state)
+  (perform-instructions-2 instructions-str)
+  (let ((ret (mapcar #'car state)))
+    (setq state (default-state))
+    (reduce (lambda (s1 s2) (concatenate 'string s1 s2)) ret)))
-- 
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